醋酸酯淀粉包膜尿素水中养分溶出特征  

Traits of Nutrient Release from Starch Acetate Coated Urea Fertilizers in Water

作　　者：李东坡[1] 武志杰[1] 梁成华[2] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所,沈阳110016 [2]沈阳农业大学土地与环境学院,沈阳110161

出　　处：《水土保持学报》2009年第3期116-119,199,共5页Journal of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家“十一五”科技支撑计划项目(2006BAD10B06,2006BAD10B01);农业部国家公益性行业科研专项计划项目:“绿色农业科学研究与示范”(2007-3);国家“863”计划项目(2004AA246020);中国科学院农业项目(C04ADYNB0501);辽宁省农业节水重点实验室开放基金项目(O6ZDS11005)

摘　　要：以研制的4种醋酸酯淀粉包膜尿素肥料为研究对象,日本70 d聚烯烃包膜尿素肥料为对照,研究醋酸酯淀粉包膜尿素在水中尿素态氮溶出特征,以确定醋酸酯淀粉包膜尿素的控释性能。结果表明,醋酸酯淀粉包膜肥料尿素累积溶出曲线呈倒＂L＂型,在水中7～13 d达到最大溶出量,尿素态氮累积溶出80%的时间为2～3 d,初期溶出率65.71%～75.79%;养分累积释放率不超过75%的时间为1～2 d;第7 d微分溶出率都显著大于2.5%。聚烯烃包膜肥料尿素态氮累积溶出80%的时间超过40 d,初期溶出率为2.05%;聚烯烃养分累积释放率36 d为73.32%,37 d为75.01%;第7 d微分溶出率1.68%。醋酸酯淀粉包膜尿素缓/控释效果较差,对养分的控释能力明显低于聚烯烃包膜尿素,但对尿素态氮起到了一定的缓/控释作用。醋酸酯淀粉包膜尿素及聚烯烃包膜尿素肥料在水中尿素态氮累积溶出特征曲线符合一元二次方程模型。Nitrogen release traits of four kinds urea amended with biological inhibitor and coated by starch acetate （SA） fertilizers in water are examined in laboratory, and comparisons are made to a polyolefin-coated urea （POCU）,70 day, made in Japan so that realized the controlling and transforming capacity of every kind starch acetate coated urea fertilizers in this paper. The result indicate that the every curve of the maximum of accumulative urea nitrogen released rate from four starch acetate coated urea fertilizers is converse ＂L＂. The time of the maximum of accumulative urea nitrogen released rate from four starch acetate coated urea fertilizers is at 7^th--13^th days. The date for accumulative urea nitrogen released rates up to 80% from four starch acetate coated urea fertilizers at 2^th-3^th day. The preliminary solubility rates is 65.71%--75.79%, and accumulative urea nitrogen released rates is low than 75 % at 1^th-2^th day. The differential solubility rate is significantly more 2.5% at 7^th day. Accumulative urea nitrogen released rates up to 80% from polyolefin-coated urea is above 40^th, and the preliminary solubility rate is 2.05%, Accumulative urea nitrogen released rates from polyolefin-coated urea is 73.32% at 36^th day,and 75.01% at 37^th day. The differential solubility rate is 1.68% at 7^th day. SA-coated urea fertilizers have a little capacity to control the urea nitrogen release, but the controlling capacity of SA-coated urea fertilizers is significantly more inferior than that of polyolefin-coated urea fertilizers, However SA-coated fertilizer efficiently restricts urea nitrogen release rate. The correlation of accumulative urea nitrogen released from SA-coated urea or polyolefin-coated urea fertilizer in water, with time is found to conform to model for a quadric equation in one variable.

关 键 词：醋酸酯淀粉 包膜尿素 尿素态氮 微分溶出率 控释效果 

分 类 号：S143.14[农业科学—肥料学]