不同种植模式的茶园对溪流大型底栖无脊椎动物群落的影响  

Impact of tea gardens managed with different cultivation methods on stream benthic macroinvertebrate communities

作　　者：陈爱卿[1,2] 熊兴平[2] 王备新[1] 姜丽红[1] 兰策介[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京农业大学昆虫系,南京210095 [2]中国农业科学院茶叶研究所,杭州310008

出　　处：《生态学杂志》2009年第7期1340-1344,共5页Chinese Journal of Ecology

基　　金：浙江省自然科学基金项目(Y506284);国家自然科学基金资助项目(30401037)

摘　　要：茶园对溪流水质和底栖动物群落的影响正日益受到关注。于2007年4月调查了浙江富阳、建德、武义和松阳县,受不同种植模式茶园(低山林地改植茶园、高山林地改植茶园和农田改植茶园)影响的溪流及无干扰参照溪流共17个样点的水质和大型底栖无脊椎动物。结果表明:受茶园影响溪流的铵态氮、总氮、总磷、CODMn和电导率都高于参照溪流,低山茶园影响溪流的总氮5.506mg.L-1和总磷0.053mg.L-1比高山茶园影响溪流的总氮2.069mg.L-1和总磷0.028mg.L-1高出约2倍;低山林地改植茶园影响溪流的底栖动物物种丰富度显著低于参照溪流(P<0.01),高山林地改植茶园影响溪流与参照溪流之间的差异不显著(P>0.05);群落相似性的非度量多维尺度(nMDS)分析表明(stress value=0.09),参照溪流和高山茶园干扰溪流的物种相似性最高,农田改植茶园与农田影响溪流之间也具有较高物种相似性。The impact of tea garden on stream water quality and benthic macroinvertebrate communities is of growing concern. In April 2007, an investigation was made on the water quality and benthic macroinvertebrates at 17 sites in the first and second order streams in Zhejiang Province of China, among which, 12 sites were disturbed by the tea gardens managed with common cultivation method or green and organic cultivation methods in the hills and plains in Songyang and Fuyang counties and in the mountains in Jiande and Wuyi counties, and 5 reference sites were not disturbed by the tea gardens in the hills and mountains in Fuyang and Jiande counties. The ammonium nitrogen, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, chemical oxygen demand, and conductivity in the streams disturbed by tea gardens were higher than those in reference streams. The total nitrogen （5.506 mg·L^-1） and total phosphorus （0. 053 mg·L^-1） in the streams disturbed by hilly tea gardens were about two times higher than those in the streams disturbed by mountain tea gardens, and the richness of benthic macroinvertebrate in the streams disturbed by hilly tea gardens was significantly lower than that in reference streams （P 〈 0. 01 ）. No significant difference （ P 〈 0. 05 ） was observed in the richness of benthic macroinvertebrate between the streams disturbed by mountain tea gardens and the reference streams. Non-metric multidimensional scaling （nMDS） analysis of Bray-Curtis species similarities showed that the benthic macroinvertebrate communities in the streams disturbed by mountain tea gardens and in the reference streams had the highest species similarity （ stress value = 0. 09 ）, followed by those in the streams disturbed by plain tea gardens and croplands.

关 键 词：大型底栖无脊椎动物 茶园 生物多样性 溪流生态系统 非度量多维尺度 

分 类 号：Q958.8[生物学—动物学] S571.1[农业科学—茶叶生产加工]