心理负荷对元记忆监测准确性及偏差的影响  

The effect of mental loading on accuracy and bias of meta-memory monitoring

作　　者：黎坚[1,2] 袁文东[1] 骆方[1,2] 杜卫[3] 

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学心理学院,北京100875 [2]应用实验心理北京市重点实验室,北京100875 [3]中央教育科学研究所,北京100088

出　　处：《心理发展与教育》2009年第3期61-67,共7页Psychological Development and Education

基　　金：北京师范大学青年科学基金项目资助

摘　　要：以汉字再认任务为载体,采用两因素被试内设计,考察任务所导致的心理负荷水平,以及学习判断(JOL)和信心判断(JOC)两种监测方式,对元记忆监测效果的影响。对监测效果的衡量分别使用了相对准确性,绝对准确性,以及判断偏差三种指标。结果发现,个体在任务过程中的心理负荷水平会影响其对任务解决过程的监测准确性:心理负荷水平越高,元记忆监测的准确性越低。心理负荷水平还会影响元记忆监测的判断偏差:心理负荷处于中等偏低水平时,监测不容易出现偏差;心理负荷处于中等偏高水平时,个体表现出过高自信;但当心理负荷达到较高水平后,判断偏差消失;随着心理负荷水平继续增大,个体又表现出过低自信。The present study was intended to investigate the effect of mental loading on meta-memory monitoring. A Chinese character recalling task was administered to 41 graduate students in order to assess their prospective monitoring and retrospective monitoring. Judgment of leaming （JOL） and judgment of confidence （JOC） were performed before or after the cognitive task. All responses were automatically recorded by the computer, while absolute accuracy, relative accuracy and monitoring bias were calculated as indexes. The SPSS 13.0 software was used for data analysis. The results showed： （1） When using gamma as the index of relative monitoring accuracy, the main effect of mental loading was significant in JOL. The accuracy declined with the increase of mental loading. （2） While using difference score as the index, absolute monitoring accuracy declined with the increase of mental loading both in JOL and JOC, but the main effect was stronger in JOL. （3） The monitoring bias changed from ＂No bias＂ to ＂Over confidence＂, then to ＂No bias＂, and finally to ＂Under confidence＂, as the mental loading was increasing gradually.

关 键 词：心理负荷 元记忆 监测 准确性 偏差 

分 类 号：B844.2[哲学宗教—发展与教育心理学]