三国时期灾害与荒政述评  

A Survey of the Calamity and Anti-Calamity Policies in the Period of the Three Kingdoms

作　　者：石军红[1] 

机构地区：[1]河南师范大学,河南新乡453002

出　　处：《防灾科技学院学报》2009年第3期106-111,共6页Journal of Institute of Disaster Prevention

摘　　要：我国历史上是一个多灾的国度,水、旱、蝗、震、疫多有发生,特别是三国时期,是中国历史上最为动荡的时期之一,战乱频发,民不聊生,导致和加剧了灾害发生。由于频繁的自然灾害对农业生产破坏十分严重,人口死亡率很高,国家和民众财产损失较大,社会稳定受到严重冲击,危及封建国家的统治和地主阶级的地位。为缓和阶级矛盾,维持自身的统治地位,三国时期的魏蜀吴政权都对灾害采取了积极的应对措施。主要有:屯田增产,兴修水利,轻徭薄赋,抑奢崇俭,政府赈济,减刑增殖等。其中的一些荒政之策,对三国之后的历朝代也起有借鉴作用。China was a calamitous country in history. Flood, drought, locust swarms, earthquakes, and plague were common things, especially in the period of the Three Kingdoms, which was one of the most unsteady periods in history. People lived in dire poverty due to frequent wars, which also accelerated the coming forth of calamities. Frequent natural calamities caused great damage to agriculture, state wealth and social stability. Death rate rose too. All such factors together jeopardized the feudal ruling of squirearchy. In order to mitigate class conflicts and maintain its sovereignty, the three kingdoms-Wei, Shu and Wu-adopted important measures to fight against calamities respectively. Mainly as following： to have garrison troops and peasants open up wasteland and grow food grain, to build irrigation works, to reduce taxes on people, to encourage the ruling to live a simple life, to relieve the people in disaster and to lessen penalty etc. And some of those measures were used for reference in dynasties after the Three Kingdoms too.

关 键 词：灾害 荒政 三国 

分 类 号：X43[环境科学与工程—灾害防治]