土壤含水量对茴香植株生长及精油含量和组分的影响  

Effects of Soil Moisture on Plant Growth,Contents and Components of Essential Oil in Fennel(Foeniculum vulgare Mill.)

作　　者：肖艳辉[1] 何金明[1] 王羽梅[1] 任安祥[1] 

机构地区：[1]韶关学院英东生物工程学院农业科学系,广东韶关512005

出　　处：《园艺学报》2009年第7期1005-1012,共8页Acta Horticulturae Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(30370151)

摘　　要：采用控制浇水量的方法设计土壤相对含水量低(45%～50%)、中(60%～75%)、高(75%～100%)3个处理,研究对茴香生长与精油含量及其组分的影响。结果表明,随着土壤含水量的升高,茴香株高、植株节数、根干质量、地上部干质量、全株干质量、全碳含量、单株精油产量和叶绿素a/b均随之升高,而根冠比和全氮、蛋白氮、叶绿素a、叶绿素b、类胡萝卜素的含量均随之下降;中等含水量处理的植株花序数和精油、可溶性糖含量较高,低和高含水量处理的则较低;不同处理茴香植株,其精油共鉴定出22种成分,除α-蒎烯、香桧烯、β-蒎烯、γ-萜品烯、萜品油烯、肉豆蔻醚6种成分相对含量差异不显著外,其余16种成分相对含量均表现出显著或极显著差异;随着土壤含水量的增大,精油的第一主要成分反式-茴香脑含量呈升高趋势,低、中、高含水量处理其含量依次为41.34%、53.87%和62.97%,第二主要成分柠檬烯含量与反式-茴香脑含量变化相反,其3个处理依次为44.77%、34.77%和22.16%。因此,低和高土壤含水量处理分别有利于茴香柠檬烯和反式-茴香脑的积累。Effects of soil water on plant growth, contents and components of essential oil in fennel were studied, by controlling soil water content at low （relative water content, 45% -50% ） , middle （relative water content, 60% -75% ） and high （relative water content, 75% -100% ） levels. The results showed that, with increasing of soil water content, plant height, number of node, root and shoot fresh weight （FW） , plant fresh weight, content of total carbon, yield of essential oil per. plant and Chl. a/Chl, b ratio were elevated, but root/shoot ratio, eontents of total nitrogen, proteinic nitrogen, Chl. a, Chl. b and CAR were deereased; Number of inflorescence, contents of essential oil and soluble sugar were higher in middle level water treatment, while they were lower in low and high level water treatments ; Twenty-two ehemieal eompounds were also identified in different soil water treatments, relative content was no difference （α = 0. 05 ） in α-pinene, sabinene, β-pinene, γ-terpinene, .terpinolen and myristicin, but was significant （ α =0. 05, 0. 01） in other sixteen compounds; With increasing water content, content of （E）-anethole, the dominant eomponent in essential oil, was enhanced at 41.34% , 53.87% and 62. 97% ; Limonene was the second abundant material in oil, its content was decreased at 44.77% , 34.77% and 22. 16%. This study indicated that lower water con- tent had a positive role in aceumulation of limonene, and higher water content was relatively favour for storage of （E） -anethole in fennel.

关 键 词：茴香 土壤含水量 生长 精油 

分 类 号：S636[农业科学—蔬菜学] R931.5[农业科学—园艺学]