能带论与电容器电容  

Energy Band Theory and Capacitance of Electric Condenser

作　　者：孙洪伟[1] 李杰[2] 

机构地区：[1]郑州大学西亚斯国际学院,河南郑州451150 [2]商丘医学高等专科学校公共学科部,河南商丘476100

出　　处：《新乡学院学报》2009年第2期31-33,共3页Journal of Xinxiang University

摘　　要：根据能带论和电磁学理论讨论了影响电容器电容的因素,认为电容器电容与电容器负极板内价电子最高占据态,即电容器极板的脱出功有关,在同一温度条件下,脱出功大的金属材料做成的电容器电容大。给出了温度对电容器电容的影响及电容器热击穿的原理,给出了阴极放电的正确物理图像。分析了电容器电容与正对面积成正比、与板间距离成反比的物理意义,认为极板面积表明容纳电荷的数量,板间距离反映了电势作用的规律。分析了电容器充电过程的能量转换过程,结果表明,正极板上的静电能在数值上等于正极板内价电子之间相互作用斥力势能的减少量;负极板上的静电能在数值上等于负极板内价电子之间相互作用斥力势能的增加量;正负极板上静电能的总和为零;为电容器充电的电源内部非静电力做功将非静电场能量转化两极板之间的静电场能量,由此证明了长期以来电磁学理论无法证明的电磁场能量是由谁携带的问题。提出了研究电容器极板材料的初步思路,认为半金属、半导体材料或者绝缘体掺杂材料有可能成为大电容的电容器极板材料,这对于人类目前正在研究接收雷电能量具有重要的理论意义和实际意义。According to energy band theory and electromagnetism theory, this essay discusses on the factors influencing the capacitance of electric condenser, considering that capacitance of electric condenser is related to the maximum occupying state of valence electron in negative plate of electric condenser, i.e. exodus work of electric condenser plate, in the same temperature, the electric condenser made by metal material with greater exodus work has greater capacitance. This essay offers the principles of temperature influencing capacitance of electric condenser and elec- tric condenser thermal breakdown, offers the correct physical image of negative discharging, analyzes the physical significance of capacitance of electric condenser having direct ratio with right facing area, having inverse ratio with distance between plates, holds that the area of plates indicates the number of electrons, the distance between plates reflects the regulation of electric potential interaction. It also analyzes the energy transform process of electric condenser charging, the result shows that the electrostatic energy on the positive plate equates with the diminishing quantity of the interacting repulsion potential of valence electrons on positive plate in numerical value; the electrostatic energy on the negative plate equates with the increasing quantity of the interacting repulsion potential of valence electrons on negative plate in numerical value; the sum total of electrostatic energy on positive and negative is zero; the non-electrostatic force inside the source of electricity which charges electric condenser works to change the non-electrostatic field energy to electrostatic field energy between the plates, hence we verify the problem who carries with electromagnetic field energy which couldn＇t have been verified by electromagnetism theory for a long time. This essay proposes the primary thought of researching the materials of electric condenser plates, considering half metal, semiconductor or insulator mixing materials may probab

关 键 词：电容器电容 能带论 脱出功 正负极板 价电子 静电能 静电场能 

分 类 号：O441[理学—电磁学] O481.1[理学—物理]