关于吸气式高超声速推进技术研究的思考  

REASONING ON DEVELOPMENT OF AIR-BREATHING HYPERSONIC PROPULSION TECHNOLOGY

作　　者：姜宗林[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院高温气体动力学重点实验室,中国科学院力学研究所,北京100190

出　　处：《力学进展》2009年第4期398-405,共8页Advances in Mechanics

摘　　要：回顾了吸气式高超声速推进技术的研究进展,分析了超燃冲压发动机研制面临的关键科学问题,并从不同角度探讨了增大超燃冲压发动机推力的可能方法,这些方法包括:能够降低总压损失的高超声速来流压缩方法、生成三维涡流的超声速混合增强技术、碳氢燃料的预热喷射、可以控制燃烧过程的燃烧室设计优化方法、通过减小发动机流道湿面积来降低摩擦阻力和催化复合解离的燃气降低高温气体效应,考虑到等压热力学循环的热效率,还建议研究在高超声速推进系统中应用热效率高的爆轰过程,并探讨了爆轰推进方法研究的进展与问题,吸气式高超声速推进技术是高超声速飞行器发展的关键技术,认真思考和探索其发展方向是非常必要的。In this paper, recent progress in the research of air-breathing hypersonic propulsion technology is briefly reviewed, key problems arising from Scramjet research are discussed, and possible methods are presented for enhancing scramjet performances, including hypersonic flow compression with a low total pressure loss, three- dimensional vortex generation for supersonic mixing, preheated carbon-fuel injection, combustor optimization for combustion control, reduction of engine wet-area for lowering friction drag, and catalyzation of dissociated high temperature gases for more heat-release. In consideration of the thermo-efficiency of the constant pressure cycle, the detonation process with higher thermo-efficiency is suggested to apply to the hypersonic propulsion, relevant methods on the detonation propulsion are introduced and related problems are discussed. It is necessary to carry out careful reasoning on the development of hypersonic propulsion, and to explore new concepts and technologies to drive further hypersonic vehicle researches.

关 键 词：高超声速推进 超燃冲压发动机 超声速混合 爆轰推进方法 超声速燃烧 

分 类 号：V43[航空宇航科学与技术—航空宇航推进理论与工程] TS803[轻工技术与工程]