先天性视盘小凹并发黄斑病变的形态学特征  

Morphologic characteristics of congenital optic disc pit with maculopathy

作　　者：马凯[1] 卢宁[1] 熊颖[1] 张风[1] 刘宁朴[1] 

机构地区：[1]首都医科大学附属北京同仁医院北京同仁眼科中心北京市眼科学与视觉科学重点实验室,100730

出　　处：《眼科》2009年第4期233-236,共4页Ophthalmology in China

摘　　要：目的研究先天性视盘小凹并发黄斑病变的形态学特征及其在病程发展和激光治疗后的变化情况。设计回顾性病例系列。研究对象12例先天性视盘小凹合并黄斑病变患者。方法对临床诊断为先天性视盘小凹的患者资料进行回顾性分析,依据彩色眼底照相、相干光断层扫描及荧光素眼底血管造影检查结果结合既往有关小凹发病机制的理论进行分析归纳。对其中4例进行沿小凹区域的视盘边缘光凝治疗,观察期6～30个月。主要指标视力及黄斑病变特征。结果12例患者均合并浆液性黄斑病变,其中2例为单纯神经上皮脱离,2例为单纯神经上皮层间劈裂,其余两者兼有。病变区与小凹之间存在明确关联关系,病变程度与病程及视力也相关。2例合并先天性脉络膜缺损。3例激光治疗有效。结论视网膜神经上皮层间劈裂和神经上皮脱离是先天性视盘小凹合并黄斑病变的重要形态学改变,正确认识其与病程发展的关系有助于加深对发病机制的认识。激光治疗对部分患者有效。Objective To observe the morphological characteristics of congenital optic disc pit with maculopathy, the natural development, and changes after laser photocoagulation. Design Retrospective case series. Participants Twelve cases with congenital optic disc pit. Methods Records of 12 patients with congenital optic disc pit with maculopathy were reviewed. Clinical examination includes optical coherence tomography （OCT）, color fundus photography, and fluorescein angiography （FA）. The data was analyzed with the existing theory of pathogenesis of the disease. Main Outcome Measures Visual acuity and morphology of macupopathy. Results All the patients were noted to have serous maculopathy associated with optic disc pit. Serous detachment of neuro-retina was found in two patients, schisis of neuro-retina in two patients, and both serous detachment and schisis of nearo-retina were observed in other patients.Two patients were associated with choroidal coloboma. Four patients were treated with laser photocoagulation, in which 3 patients had vision improved. Conclusions Schisis and detachment of neuro-retina are the important morphologic changes of congenital optic disc pit with maculopthy. Proper understanding of the relationship between the development of the disease and these changes will be helpful to study its pathogenesis. Patients may benefit in part from laser photocoagulation. （Ophthalmol CHN, 2009, 18： 233-236）

关 键 词：先天性视盘小凹/合并症 黄斑病变 相干光断层扫描 

分 类 号：R774[医药卫生—眼科]