石油污染地下水中细菌多样性研究  

Bacterial Biodiversity in the Groundwater Contaminated by Oil

作　　者：郝春博[1,2] 王广才[1] 董健楠[1] 张倩[1] 蔡五田[3] 

机构地区：[1]中国地质大学(北京)水资源与环境学院,北京100083 [2]中国地质大学(北京)地质微生物学实验室,北京100083 [3]中国地质调查局水文地质环境地质调查中心,保定071051

出　　处：《环境科学》2009年第8期2464-2472,共9页Environmental Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(40802059);中国地质调查局地质调查工作项目(1212010634606)

摘　　要：采集了某废弃炼油厂的石油污染地下水样品,提取水中微生物总DNA,构建细菌16S rDNA克隆文库,并通过16S rDNA序列的系统发育分析,对样品中的细菌种群多样性以及群落结构进行了研究.结果表明,文库中阳性克隆的16S rDNA序列分属10个细菌类群,分别为γ-Proteobacteria(49.1%)、α-Proteobacteria(12.9%)、β-Proteobacteria(11.1%)、Bacteroidetes(9.2%)、Verrucomicrobia(6.7%)、Acidobacteria(2.5%)、δ-Proteobacteria(1.2%)、Actinobacteria(1.2%)、Planctomycetes(0.6%)、Unidentifiedbacteria(5.5%).在这一生态系统中,γ-Proteobacteria类细菌占据主导地位,接近50%,尤其是假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas)微生物在文库中的比例达35.6%.该石油污染地下水样品中细菌与许多其它已知的降解菌亲缘关系较近,如鞘胺醇单胞菌(Sphingomonas)、红球菌(Rhodococcus)和短波单胞菌(Brevundimonas)等.此外,文库中克隆的16S rDNA序列与许多类似的污染场地中发现的环境克隆相似性很高,如氯代烃污染的土壤及地下水、多环芳烃污染的土壤及地下水、多氯联苯污染的土壤、抗生素生产废水及活性污泥等,证明该石油污染地下水中有大量降解菌群的存在.An oil-contaminated groundwater sample was collected at an abandoned petrochemical factory. Bacterial genome DNA was extracted for the 16S rDNA gene amplification, and then a bacterial 16S rDNA gene clone library was constructed. After the phylogenetic analysis of 16S rDNA sequences, bacterial diversity and community structure of the groundwater were studied. The results showed the bacteria in the groundwater could be divided into 10 groups, which were as follows： γ-Proteobacteria （49.1%）, α-Proteobacteria （12.9%）, β-Proteobacteria （11.1%）, Bacteroidetes （9.2%）, Verrucomicrobia （6.7%）, Acidobacteria （2.5%）, δ-Proteobacteria （ 1.2% ）, Actinobacteria （ 1.2% ）, Planctomycetes（0.6% ）,Unidentified bacteria（5.5% ）. γ-Proteobacteria was predominant in the ecosystem （near 50% of total clones）, and especially Pseudomonas accounted for 35.6% of all bacteria. Many clones also affiliated with other degrading bacteria, such as Sphingomonas, Rhodococcus, Brevundimonas. Furthermore, a lot of 16S rDNA sequences in the clone library had high similarity to the ones originated from similar polluted environments, such as soil and groundwater contaminated with chlorinated hydrocarbon, soil and groundwater contaminated with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, soil contaminated with PCBs, antibiotics production wastewater and activated sludge, which proved that there were lots of degrading bacteria population in the oil-contaminated water. diversity

关 键 词：石油污染 地下水 16S RDNA 克隆文库 细菌多样性 

分 类 号：X172[环境科学与工程—环境科学]