唐山地震孤儿30年后心理健康状况调查  

An Investigation on Mental Health of Orphans Due to Tangshan Earthquake Occurred 30 Years Ago

作　　者：王丽萍[1] 张本[1] 姜涛[1] 张顺[1] 于振剑[1] 王长奇[1] 岳玲梅[1] 苗丽玲[1] 马文有[1] 张凤阁 王思臣 

机构地区：[1]华北煤炭医学院附属开滦精神卫生中心,河北唐山063001 [2]开滦集团公司关心下一代委员会,河北唐山063000

出　　处：《中国心理卫生杂志》2009年第8期558-563,共6页Chinese Mental Health Journal

摘　　要：目的:调查唐山大地震30年后地震孤儿心理健康状况,并探讨其影响因素。方法:采用横断面调查。以整群抽样的方法于唐山地震后30年选择开滦(集团)有限责任公司下属6个单位的全部地震孤儿共260例(孤儿组),同时按年龄、性别相匹配的原则抽取曾经经历唐山地震的非孤儿241例作为对照组,用症状自评量表(Symptom Checklist90,SCL-90)、焦虑自评量表(Self-Rating Anxiety Scale,SAS)、抑郁自评量表(Self-Rating Depession Scale,SDS)、艾森克人格问卷(Eysenck Personality Questionnaire,EPQ)、社会支持评定量表(Social Support Rating Scale,SSRS)、简易应对方式问卷(Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire,SCSQ)进行施测。结果:孤儿组的SAS标准分、SDS标准分、SCL-90总分及其躯体化、人际关系、抑郁、焦虑、敌对、恐怖、其他因子分均高于对照组[如SAS标准分:(41.07±11.61)vs.(35.21±9.09),P<0.05];孤儿组EPQ的N量表分(EPQ-N)高于对照组[(47.65±11.41)vs.(44.92±9.46),P<0.05],E量表分(EPQ-E)低于对照组[(55.77±10.14)vs.(58.86±10.13),P<0.05]。多元逐步回归分析显示进入SCL-90总分回归方程的变量有EPQ-N和消极应对(β=0.454,0.094),进入SDS标准分回归方程的变量有EPQ-N、积极应对、受灾年龄、震后抑郁悲伤和客观支持(β=0.466,-0.173,0.148,0.119,-0.108),进入SAS标准分回归方程的变量有EPQ-N、震后紧张、社会支持总分、受灾年龄和震后出汗(β=0.461,0.171,-0.167,0.134,0.123)。结论:震后30年地震孤儿心理健康水平仍低于对照组,个性倾向内向不稳定,神经质和受灾年龄对焦虑、抑郁有正向预测作用。Objectives： To investigate the mental health and related factors of orphans induced by Tangshan earthquake 30 years ago. Methods： A total of 260 survivors orphaned by Tangshan earthquake （ orphan group） and 241 survivors （control group） who had non parent died in the earthquake matched by age and sex participated the investigation after earthquake 30 years. All participants were assessed with the Symptom Checklist 90 （ SCL-90 ）, Self-Rating Anxiety Scale （SAS）, Self-Rating Depression Scale （SDS）, Eysenck Personality Questionnaire （ EPQ ）, Social Support Rating Scale （SSRS ）, Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire （ SCSQ ） . Results： Orphan group had significantly higher scores （ P 〈 0. 05 ） of SAS [ （ 41.07 ± 11.61 ） vs. （ 35.21 ± 9. 09 ） ], SDS [ （ 46. 13 ± 11.96） vs. {37. 29 ±8. 18） ], SCL-90 total [ （ 131.47 ±45.55） vs. （ 120. 63 ±26. 09） ] and the sub-scores of somatization [ （ 1.57 ± 0. 59 ） vs. （ 1.43 ± 0. 42 ） ], interpersonal relationship [ （ 1.52 ± 0. 61 ） vs. （ 1.41 ± 0.38）], depression[ （1.53±0.66）vs. （1.33±0.36）], anxiety[ （1.35±0.56） vs. （1.24±0.29）], hostility [ （ 1.49 ± 0. 58 ） vs. （ 1.38 ± 0. 42 ） ], phobia [ （ 1.23 ± 0. 43 ） vs. （ 1.16 ± 0. 26） ], and other factorial [ （ 1.51 ±0. 61 ） vs. （ 1.36 ±0. 39） ], than control group. Orphan group had significantly higher scores of EPQ-N [ （47.65±11.41） vs. （44.92±9.46）] and lower scores of EPQ-E [ （55.77±10.14） vs. （58.86±10.13）] than control group （ Ps 〈 0. 05 ） . In multiple regression analysis, EPQ-N and negative coping style were included in regression equation of SCL-90 （β = 0. 454, 0. 094 ） . EPQ-N, positive coping style, age at the earthquake, depression and objective support scores were included in regression equation of SDS （ β =0. 466, -0. 173, 0. 148, 0. 119 and -0. 108） . Eta-N, intension, social support total scores, age at the earthquake and perspiration were include

关 键 词：心理健康 唐山地震 孤儿 横断面调查 

分 类 号：B845.67[哲学宗教—心理学]