小学儿童执行功能各成分的发展特点  

Developmental Characteristics of Executive Functions of Primary School Children

作　　者：王晶[1] 陈英和[1] 仲宁宁[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学发展心理研究所,北京100875 [2]北京青年政治学院社会工作系,北京100102

出　　处：《中国临床心理学杂志》2009年第4期403-404,407,共3页Chinese Journal of Clinical Psychology

基　　金：全国教育科学规划国家重点项目(ABA050001);国家自然科学基金项目(30770729);北京市哲学社会科学规划项目(06BaJY010);北京市教育科学十一五规划课题(ACA08017)

摘　　要：目的:探讨小学生执行功能中抑制、工作记忆和认知灵活性的发展特点。方法:选取某小学二、四、六年级共144名学生,使用go/no-go任务、计算广度任务、点矩阵任务和大小形状转换任务分别测查各执行功能,用瑞文推理测验测查智力。结果:在抑制和视空间工作记忆上,11岁组好于7岁组儿童,言语工作记忆三个年龄组间差异均显著,在认知灵活性上9岁和11岁组好于7岁组。智力水平高的学生抑制能力、言语工作记忆均好于智力水平低的学生,但在视空间工作记忆上没有表现出差异。女生的认知灵活性优于男生。结论:各执行功能的发展具有不同的速度和广度。智力和执行功能关系密切。Objective： To explore the developmental characteristics of inhibition, working memory and cognitive flexibility in executive function. Methods： 144 7-11 years old participants from a primary school were tested by go/no-go task, computation span task, dot matrix task and size-shape switching task, and Raven Progressive Matrices. Results： I I years old students performed better than 7 years old students in both inhibition and visual working memory; the performance of verbal working memory had increased significantly through 7-11; 7-year-old students performed not as good as 9 and 11 on the task of cognitive flexibility. High intelligence students performed much better on most tasks of executive function except visual working memory; and the competence of cognitive flexibility of female were better than male. Conclusion： Different executive functions have diversity developmental speed and extent. Intelligence has close relationship with executive function.

关 键 词：执行功能 抑制 工作记忆 认知灵活性 儿童 

分 类 号：R395.1[哲学宗教—心理学]