系统干预措施对防治秦巴山区儿童精神发育迟滞的作用探索  

Exploration of the effects of systematic intervention measures in preventing and controlling children's mental retardation in Qinba mountainous area

作　　者：周戬平[1] 李瑞林[1] 张富昌[2] 黄绍平[1] 郑子健[2] 郭亚乐[1] 侯伟[1] 杨琳[1] 

机构地区：[1]西安交通大学医学院第二附属医院儿科,陕西西安710004 [2]西北大学公共管理学院,陕西西安710069

出　　处：《中国儿童保健杂志》2009年第4期398-400,共3页Chinese Journal of Child Health Care

基　　金：国家科技部"九五"科技攻关计划项目(96-920-11-09);国家科技部"十五"科技攻关计划项目(2001BA901A49)

摘　　要：【目的】通过在秦巴山区精神发育迟滞（mental retardation，MR）儿童高发地域建立示范区，探讨系统干预措施对防治儿童MR发生的作用。【方法】结合陕西省宁强县贫困山区MR儿童高发生率区域的实际情况，采用从围婚期、围生期到婴幼儿期、儿童期的有综合防治MR功能的系统干预措施进行干预研究，动态观察这一系统措施对该地区儿童MR患病率及智力发展水平的影响。【结果】经济、文化、教育与医疗卫生水平落后以及儿童MR患病率高，人口整体素质低下是整个秦巴贫困山区的现实情况。应用系统干预措施后，示范区内0～14岁儿童MR患病率由2．94％下降至1．62％（X^2=15．25，P〈0．01）；0～3岁儿童的发育商以及4～10岁轻度MR儿童的语言智商、操作智商、总智商显著提高（P均〈0．01）；0～3岁儿童DDST筛查异常率明显下降（x^2=4．82，P〈0．05）；而4～14岁儿童的智力水平显著提高。【结论】在秦巴山区实施的系统干预措施对儿童MR的发生具有显著的防治作用，值得推广借鉴。[Objective] To explore the effects of systematic intervention measures in preventing and controlling children＇s mental retardation （MR） through building a demonstrative zone in a highly prevalent area of children＇s MR in Qinba mountainous area. [Methods] According to the actual conditions of the highly prevalent area of children＇s MR in poor mountainous area in Ningqiang county, Shaanxi province, systematic intervention measures were taken with the effects of preventing and controlling MR comprehensively, from perimarital period, perinatal period to infant period, childhood period, to implement the intervention exploration, and dynamically observed the effects of the systematic measures on the prevalence of MR and intelligence development levels of local children. [ Results] Underdevelopment in economy, culture, education and medical services, high prevalence of children＇s MR, and low quality of the people were the current situations in the whole Qinba mountainous area. After systematic intervention measures were taken, the prevalence of MR of children from 0 to 14 years old decreased from 2.94% to 1.62% （X^2 =15.25,P〈0.05）; the development quotient of children from 0 to 3 years old, the verbal intelligence quotient, the performance intelligence quotient, and the full intelligence quotient of children from 4 to 10 years old with mild MR all increased significantly; the abnormality rate of screening of children from 0 to 3 years old with DDST decreased obviously; the intelligence levels of children from 4 to 14 years old rised significantly. [Conclusion] The systematic intervention measures taken in Qinba mountainous area are of significant effects in preven- ting and controlling children＇s MR, and are worth popularizing and using for reference.

关 键 词：精神发育迟滞 秦巴山区 示范区 患病率 儿童 

分 类 号：R749.94[医药卫生—神经病学与精神病学]