植物路与土质路产流产沙过程的比较试验  

Comparison tests on runoff and sediment yield process from earth road andplant-covered road in loess hilly region

作　　者：郑世清[1] 田风霞[2] 王占礼[1] 徐学选[1] 

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学水土保持研究所,陕西杨凌712100 [2]兰州大学西部环境教育部重点实验室,甘肃兰州730000

出　　处：《泥沙研究》2009年第4期1-6,共6页Journal of Sediment Research

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划课题"坡面降雨径流调控与高效利用技术"(编号:2006BAD09B01);中国科学院西部行动计划(二期)"黄土高原水土保持与可持续生态建设试验示范研究"(编号:KZCX2-XB2-05)

摘　　要：通过室内人工降雨＋放水冲刷相结合的方法，对5个坡度（3—18°），5种雨强（1～3mm·min^-1），5组放水流量（1．4～9．Okg·m～·s^-1）下的黄棉土土质路面和早熟禾植物路面进行了共60余场次试验，对比分析了植物路相对于土质路侵蚀过程差异及产水、减沙效果。结果表明：在放水冲刷条件下，植物路侵蚀率随放水历时降低，其过程可用对数函数描述；土质路面侵蚀率变化复杂。两类道路的放水流量与侵蚀强度均呈现幂函数变化，且植物道路表现出明显的防蚀作用。雨强增加引起径流量、侵蚀强度增加，土质路的增加快于植物路；坡度增大时，侵蚀强度增大，径流深则为植物路稳定，土质路有小幅增加。植物路相对土质路的减沙幅度为26．24％～47．22％，减少能力可用抛物线方程描述，但植物路较土质路面有利于产生径流，径流深增加幅度平均为58．7％～144．1％，由于径流的泥沙含量大大降低，道路的侵蚀产沙反而有一定降低。Using artificial rainfall and water washing methods, a total of 60 tests have been conducted on runoff and sediment yield from earth road and plant-covered road in loess hilly region with a combination of 5 gradients, 5 rainfall intensities and 10 flow discharges. The results show that under water washing, the erosion rate for plantcovered road decreases with time and it can be expressed by a logarithm function, but the erosion rate for earth road is much more complicated. The relation between the erosion intensity for both plant-covered and earth roads and flow discharge can be expressed by a power function, but erosion of earth road is much faster than that of plant-covered road. The erosion rate increases with slope for both roads. The runoff depth is stable for plant-covered road, but slight increase for earth road. Comparing with earth road, the sediment reduction efficiency of plant-covered road is about 26.2% to 47.2% and can be expressed by a parabolic function, but the runoff depth increases by 58.7% to 144.1% and the sediment concentration decreases by 48.4% to 81.2%.

关 键 词：黄土丘陵区 土质路 植物路 道路侵蚀过程 防蚀效益 

分 类 号：S157.1[农业科学—土壤学]