基于成本分析的快速公交发车频率优化方法  

Frequency optimization of bus rapid transit based on cost analysis

作　　者：芦方强[1] 陈学武[1] 陈素平[1] 

机构地区：[1]东南大学交通学院,南京210096

出　　处：《东南大学学报（自然科学版）》2009年第4期849-853,共5页Journal of Southeast University：Natural Science Edition

基　　金：高等学校博士学科点专项科研基金资助项目(20070286011);苏州市科技计划资助项目(ZXJ0804)

摘　　要：以公共交通走廊上单条快速公交线路为研究对象，建立了基于快速公交线路站点OD数据的用户成本模型及企业运营成本模型，并以总成本最小为目标函数建立了快速公交线路的发车频率优化模型，建模过程中充分考虑了时间价值对模型优化结果的影响.以常州市快速公交1号线为例对模型进行了应用研究，结果表明：随着发车频率的增加，总成本先降后升，在15veh/h处达到最小值.因此建议高峰时间发车间隔为3-5min；平峰时段发车间隔为6-8min.对用户成本和企业运营成本随发车频率变化的敏感性进行了分析，得出了优化发车频率对降低乘客等车时间成本有显著的效果，而对减少乘客车内时间成本作用较小的结论，为企业在满足一定公交服务的基础上降低运营成本提供了决策依据.Taking a single linear corridor of transit as the research object, the users＇ and operators＇ cost analysis models are established based on the demand data that is described as a matrix of flows between every stop of bus rapid transit （BRT）. A frequency optimization model is established by setting minimum cost to be the objective function. In the modeling process, the influence of time value on the optimization results is taken into account. Taking line 1 of Changzhou BRT as an example, this paper examines the effect of this method on the optimal values of frequency. The results indicate that the amount of cost goes down first and then goes up along with the increase of frequency, and the optimal frequency is 15 veh/h. Therefore, it is suggested that the bus time headway should be 3 to 5 rnin on peak hours and 6 to 8 min on off-peak hours. The sensitivity of users＇ cost and operators＇ cost to the frequency is analyzed. It is shown that bus enterprises can reduce passengers＇ waiting time costs by increasing the frequency, but it does not have a good effect on reducing the invehicle time costs.

关 键 词：成本分析 发车间隔 用户成本 运营成本 

分 类 号：U491[交通运输工程—交通运输规划与管理]