海南原鸡繁殖期夜栖地的选择  

Roosting Site Selection of Red Jungle Fowl during the Breeding Season in Hainan

作　　者：袁玲[1,2] 张春兰[3] 张海 符运南 张才有 林贤梅 胡慧建[3] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院华南植物园,广州510650 [2]中国科学院研究生院 [3]华南濒危动物研究所 [4]海南省大田国家级自然保护区

出　　处：《四川动物》2009年第5期652-657,共6页Sichuan Journal of Zoology

摘　　要：原鸡Gallus gallus在繁殖期的日常活动趋向于以夜栖地为中心,因此夜栖地的研究对原鸡的繁殖和保育具有重要意义。2008年2～5月在海南大田自然保护区,采用野外观察和样方调查相结合的方法,对原鸡的夜栖地利用进行了研究,共记录到15个夜栖地。结果表明:1)原鸡在繁殖期多结成2～6只(3.3±1.5,n=13)的繁殖群,在同一棵树或邻近几棵树上集群夜栖;2)落叶季雨林和灌丛草地是原鸡繁殖期夜栖的主要植被类型;3)原鸡多以小刺竹Bambusa bambos作为夜栖树,占53.3%,其次是厚皮树Lannea coromandelica,占20.0%;4)原鸡倾向于选择灌木生长茂密、地面草本稀疏的生境作为夜栖地,并栖息在胸径均值为8.4cm±3.5cm的乔木或灌木的枝条上,栖枝均高为4.4m±0.8m;5)主成分分析表明,影响原鸡夜栖地选择的主要因子依次为:栖树高、栖枝高度、栖树胸径、栖枝层盖度、草本层盖度、栖枝下方盖度和栖枝上方盖度。据此分析认为:繁殖期原鸡警惕性高,夜栖地多选择易于隐蔽和转移的生境。Roosting sites are vital to red jungle fowl （ Callus gallus） since their daily routines tend to center around their roosts during the breeding season. We investigated the roosting sites of Callus gallus jabouiUei during their main breeding season from February to May 2008 with plot methods in Datian National Nature Reserve, Hainan Province. 15 roosting sites were sampled. The results showed： 1 ） Generally, the fowls gathered in a small group of 2 - 6 （3.3 ± 1.5, n = 13） individuals and roosted in one or more overlapping branches in the same tree or adjacent trees at night. 2） Rain forest and shrub were the primary roosting vegetation types in the deciduous season. 3 ） Bambusa bambos and Lannea coromandelica were important roosting plants, accounting for 53.3% and 20.0% of roosts respectively. 4） The species preferred roosting habitats with lush bushes but poor herb coverage, and roosted on trees or shrubs with an average tree diameter at breast height of 8.4 cm ± 3.5 cm and an average height of 4.4 m ± 0. 8 m. 5） Factor analysis showed that the height of the roosting tree, roosting height, tree diameter at breast height, herb coverage, cover of the roosting layer, below cover and upper cover of the roosts were the primary parameters that determined the roosting sites. We concluded that the fowls tende to select habitats which are easy to rapidly escape from and have good shelters because of its high vigilance.

关 键 词：原鸡 繁殖期 夜栖地 海南大田国家级自然保护区 

分 类 号：Q958[生物学—动物学]