黄土高原中部森林的流域水文效应研究  

Effect of Forest on Watersheds Hydrological Process in Middle Loess Plateau

作　　者：卢爱刚[1,2] 索安宁[3] 庞德谦[2] 王天明[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学生命学院,北京100875 [2]渭南师范学院环境与生命科学系,陕西渭南714000 [3]国家海洋环境监测中心,辽宁大连116023

出　　处：《水土保持研究》2009年第4期1-5,共5页Research of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家重大基础研究规划项目(2002CB111507);“十一五”科技支撑项目(2006BAD03A0206);国家自然科学基金(4077118740830743);国家科技部“973”项目(2005CB422004);国家自然科学基金(40771187);国家科技部“973”项目(2005CB422004);中国博士后基金(20070420315);陕西省教育厅科研计划项目(09JK429)

摘　　要：文章对黄土高原中部24个水文监测站点的河流水文过程特征与相应的流域森林覆盖比率之间的关系进行了统计分析研究。结果表明:在黄土高原,流域产流系数随流域内森林比率的增大,具有明显的递减趋势,森林面积的增加在一定程度了减少了流域的径流输出量,也减缓了径流在汛期和枯季分配的不均匀程度,具有调洪补枯的作用。在森林比率较高的黄土山区流域,受降水量年际变异的影响径流的年际变化比森林比率低的流域大。流域森林比率的增加可以明显减少流域内土壤侵蚀模数,当森林比率由10%增大了20%时,流域平均土壤侵蚀模数减小了46.19%。与森林比率较小的流域相比较,森林比率大的流域侵蚀多由汛期的高强度降水引发,表现为汛期侵蚀比例极高,年际变化较大等特点。River hydrological process and corresponding coverage of forest in watersheds in middle Loess Plateau were analyzed in this paper. The results showed that there was an obvious decline trend of runoff generation index with increasing of coverage of forest. Output of most runoff was kept and distribution of runoff in dry season and flood season turned to uniform with more forest in watershed. Influenced by variation of rainfall, interannual variation of runoff in mountain watersheds with more forest was greater than that with less forest. More soil was conserved with increase of forest area, erosion modulus decreased by 46.19% with forest ration changing from 10% to 20%. The soil erosion caused by high intensive rainfall was focused on flood season in more forest watersheds and companied with more interannual variation comparing with less forest watershed.

关 键 词：黄土高原 森林比率 流域 水文过程 

分 类 号：S715[农业科学—林学] S157