种植密度对晚播冬小麦氮素同化积累分配及利用效率的影响  

Effects of planting density on assimilation,accumulation,distribution and use efficiency of nitrogen in late sowing winter wheat

作　　者：沈学善[1,2] 李金才[1,2] 屈会娟[1,2] 魏凤珍[1] 王成雨[1] 

机构地区：[1]安徽农业大学农学院,合肥230036 [2]河南农业大学国家小麦工程技术研究中心,郑州450002

出　　处：《中国农业大学学报》2009年第4期41-46,共6页Journal of China Agricultural University

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划项目(2007BAD89B10);国家粮食丰产科技工程项目(2006BAD02A);安徽省自然科学基金资助项目(070411013)

摘　　要：研究了种植密度对晚播小麦氮素同化积累分配及氮素利用效率的影响。以重穗型冬小麦品种兰考矮早八为材料,在晚播期（10-24—10-26）设低（150万株/hm^2）、中（225万株/hm^2）、高（300万株/hm^2）3个种植密度进行了2年大田试验。传统播期（10-10—10-12）为对照。结果表明,晚播小麦旗叶的硝酸还原酶活性和可溶性蛋白含量显著提高,单茎氮素积累量、营养器官转移氮素对籽粒氮素积累的贡献率以及植株的氮素收获指数和氮素吸收效率均提高,而氮素利用效率和籽粒产量降低。对照播期的低、中密度处理的氮代谢酶活性、氮素积累量和氮素利用效率及籽粒产量较高,而晚播处理则以中、高密度处理较高。不同播期的中密度处理的蛋白质含量和籽粒产量高于其他2个密度处理。因此,晚播条件下兰考矮早八兼顾高产和高效利用氮素的适宜播种密度为225～300万株/hm^2。The objective was to study effects of planting density on the assimilation, accumulation and distribution of nitrogen, and its use efficiency for late sowing winter wheat. Three plant densities （ 150 × 10^4, 225 × 10^4 and 300 × 10^4 plants/hm^2） were designed in the late sowing dates for the two year＇s field experiment by using heavy spike type of winter wheat cultivar ＂Lankao Aizao 8＂ as an experiment variety . The results showed that compared with the traditional early sowing, the flag leaf activity of nitrate reductase（NR） and the content of soluble protein（SP） were remarkably enhanced in the late sowing dates. The accumulation amount of nitrogen per stem, the contribution ratio of nitrogen that nitrogen stored in vegetative organs was translocated to grain, the nitrogen harvest index and nitrogen intaking efficiency in the late sowing dates were higher than that in the traditional early sowing dates, while the nitrogen use efficiency and grain yield were decreased. The activities of nitrogen metabolism enzymes-accumulation amount of nitrogen, nitrogen use efficiency and grain yield in middle density （225× 10^4 plants/hm^2） and low density （150 × 10^4 plants/hm^2） treatments were higher in the traditional early sowing dates, while that in middle density （225 × 10^4 plants/hm^2） and high density （300× 10^4 plants/hm^2） treatments were higher in the late sowing dates. The protein content and yield of middle density treatment were significantly higher than that of the other two densities in both sowing dates. Therefore, when taking both grain yield and efficient nitrogen utilization into consideration, it is suggested that the densities of 225× 10^4 and 300 × 10^4 plants/hm^2 be adopted in the late sowing for the variety ＂Lankao Aizao 8＂

关 键 词：密度 晚播 冬小麦 氮素 氮素利用效率 

分 类 号：S512[农业科学—作物学]