爪蟾胚胎致畸实验(FETAX)在检测污染物发育毒性中的应用  

Application of Frog Embryo Teratogenesis As-say-Xenopus in measuring the developmental toxicity of contaminants

作　　者：钱丽娟[1] 刘青坡[1] 郭素珍[1] 曹庆珍[1] 刘俊奇[1] 施华宏[1] 

机构地区：[1]华东师范大学资源与环境学院环境科学系,上海市城市化过程与生态恢复重点实验室,上海200062

出　　处：《安全与环境学报》2009年第4期24-28,共5页Journal of Safety and Environment

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(20877023);上海市自然科学基金项目(08ZR1406900);上海市城市化过程与生态恢复重点实验室开放基金项目(UPER0606)

摘　　要：爪蟾胚胎致畸实验(FETAX)是一种用于检测污染物发育毒性的有效方法。用CuSO_4、CdCl_2和三丁基锡(TBTCl)对热带爪蟾(Xenopus tropicalis)胚胎进行48 h暴露。结果表明,对照组胚胎均未出现死亡或畸形现象,Cu^(2+)、Cd^(2+)和TBTCl对胚胎的半致死质量浓度(LC_(50))分别为0.38 mg/L、4.28 mg/L和3.18μg/L。48 h后,各暴露组胚胎出现颅面缺陷、眼睛突出、漏斗形嘴、肠道蜷曲、尾巴弯曲、水肿和色素沉着等多种畸形现象。Cu^(2+)、Cd^(2+)和TBTCl对胚胎的半致畸质量浓度(EC_(50))分别为0.16 mg/L、2.16 mg/L和2.98 μg/L,致畸指数分别为2.38、1.98和1.04。用脱碘酶抑制剂碘番酸(IOP)对非洲爪蟾胚胎进行暴露。36 h后,暴露组胚胎主要出现眼睛异常发育甚至消失等现象,这表明IOP对眼的发育有特定的毒性作用。研究表明,运用热带爪蟾胚胎检测污染物发育毒性的灵敏性并不高于非洲爪蟾(X.laevis)胚胎致畸实验,运用FETAX进行污染物发育毒性的检测并未显示出明显优势,其实验方案还有待进一步改进,但爪蟾胚胎模型在研究污染物特定的毒性机理方面具有较大潜力。鉴于爪蟾胚胎很适合进行分子操作,在现有FETAX实验的基础上增加一些分子生物学指标,将不仅能提高发育毒性效应检测的灵敏性,而且也增加了对污染物特定毒作用模式的解析功能。Frog Embryo Teratogenesis Assay-Xenopus （FETAX） is a valid assay detected with the developmental toxicity of contaminants. Therefore, the present paper is to introduce a kind of experiments of ours in exposing the embryos of Xenopus tropicalis to CuSO4, CdCl2 and TBT at different concentrations during a period only of 48 hours. The results we have achieved have shown that no mortality or teratogenesis of embryos observed in control. The contents of LC50 of Cu^2＋ , Cd^2＋ and TBTCl proved to be 0.38 mg/L, 4.28 mg/L and 3.18 μg/L, respectively. However, it has been found that the teratogenesis of embryos in all treatment groups after 48 h exposure may include defects of eraniofaeial, protruding eyes, funnel-shape mouth, coiling guts, bending tail, edema and skin hyperpigmentation. The actual contents of ECso of Cu^2 ＋ , Cd^2 ＋ and TBTCl are respectively 0.16 mg/L, 2.16 mg/L and 2.98 μg/L, with the teratogenic index （TI） being 2.38, 1.98 and 1.04. The above results suggest that the sensitivity of X. tropicalis is not higher than that of X. laevis in our testing the developmental toxicity of contaminants. Embryos of Xenopus laevis were also exposed to iopanoic acid （IOP）, a typical inhibitor of deiedinase. More detailed analysis shows that after 36 h exposure, abnormal hurting to the eyes was found in lOP treatment groups, which indicates a specific toxicity of IOP to the eyes. But no remarkable advantages have been found that the introduction of FETAX in this testing and the protocol of the assay remains to be further optimized. Nevertheless, X. sp. proves to have great potentiality as a model in this study. Since it is suitable for molecular operation, it is helpful to enhance the sensitivity of toxicity measurement for analyzing the action of specific toxicity if molecular index when added to FETAX.

关 键 词：生态毒理学 爪蟾 胚胎 致畸 发育毒性 

分 类 号：X171.5[环境科学与工程—环境科学]