西南喀斯特峰丛洼地生态环境效应及其危害  

Eco-environmental effects and deterioration of karst peak-cluster depression in Southwest China

作　　者：邓新辉[1] 吴孔运 蒋忠诚[3] 高利鹏 

机构地区：[1]湖南工业大学包装与材料工程学院,湖南株洲412007 [2]陕西省核工业地质局,西安710024 [3]中国地质科学院岩溶地质研究所,广西桂林541004

出　　处：《广西农业科学》2009年第7期857-863,共7页Guangxi Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：湖南省优秀青年基金项目(08B093);国家"十一五"科技攻关课题(2006BAC01A10);国家自然科学基金项目(40572151)

摘　　要：采用岩土样分析法、编制TM遥感数据影像图法和野外调查等方法,研究了西南喀斯特典型峰丛洼地的生态效应。结果表明:与其他喀斯特地貌相比,峰丛洼地具有独特的生态环境特征,主要表现为:峰丛洼地石灰性土壤Ca、Mg的淋溶系数大,酸不溶物含量多,土壤缺乏C层,水土流失严重,植被生长受辐射逆温、日照少、温湿度时空分布不均的限制。在前期工作的基础上,编制了西南喀斯特地区碳酸盐岩分布图、石漠化分布图和峰丛洼地分布图,对这3个图的空间叠加分析发现,石漠化和峰丛洼地分布区是纯灰岩集中出露的地区,峰丛洼地分布区又是石漠化最严重的地区,石漠化是西南喀斯特峰丛洼地生态恶化的典型表现。石漠化已经成为西南喀斯特地区的灾害之源和贫困之源。The rock and soil analysis, TM image diagrams from remote sensing data and field investigation were applied to study the ecological effects of typical karst peak-cluster depressions in Southwest China. The results showed that, comparing with other karst types, karst peak-cluster depressions had unique eco-environmental characteristics including high leaching coefficient of Ca and Mg in limestone soil, high content of acid insoluble component, lacking of C （corganic carbon） layer in profile of soil, severe loss of water and soil, and the limitation of radiation inversion, and lower sunshine time and uneven temporal distribution of temperature and humidity on the growth of vegetation. In addition, the three maps of carbonate rock distribution, stony desertification distribution and typical karst peak-cluster depression in karst area of Southwest China based on previous researches. Through analysis of spatial overlay of three maps, it was found that pure limestone rock are well developed in karst peak-cluster depressions and stony desertification distribution zones, and ecological environment is also seriously deteriorated as shown by stony desertification （typical characteristic of ecological environment deterioration）. It has been observed that rocky desertification was the root cause of disasters and poverty of southwest people in karst areas in Southwest China.

关 键 词：峰丛洼地 生态效应 石漠化 

分 类 号：X171.1[环境科学与工程—环境科学]