基于景观格局的新疆生态脆弱性综合评价研究  

Analysis of ecological vulnerability in Xinjiang based on its landscape pattern

作　　者：黄莹[1,2,3] 包安明[1] 刘海隆[1] 冯先伟[1,2] 杨光华[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所,新疆乌鲁木齐830011 [2]中国科学院研究生院,北京100039 [3]西华师范大学,四川南充637002

出　　处：《干旱地区农业研究》2009年第3期261-266,共6页Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas

基　　金：国家973重点研究项目(2009CB421301);国家科技支撑计划(2007BAH12B03;2007BAH12B05)

摘　　要：以新疆土地资源为研究对象,选取分维倒数、破碎度两个景观格局指数以及沙漠化敏感性、盐渍化敏感性和土壤侵蚀敏感性3个生态系统敏感性指数构建景观类型脆弱度和区域生态脆弱度模型,利用连续覆盖全区的格网进行空间系统采样,生成生态脆弱度空间分布图,从景观格局与生态系统敏感性相结合并利用GIS技术对新疆的生态环境进行综合定量的分析和评价。结果表明:(1)未利用地和农用地的景观脆弱度指数较高,草地、林地其次,建设用地和水域最小;(2)相关分析显示,破碎度、盐渍化敏感性、沙漠化敏感性和土壤侵蚀敏感性与景观类型脆弱性间存在着显著的正相关关系,能较好反映区域生态环境问题;(3)区域生态脆弱度的空间格局与研究区实际吻合良好,表现为水平方向上环两大盆地分布,离沙漠腹地距离越近脆弱度越高;垂直方向上生态脆弱度具有随海拔增高坡度变大而增大的趋势;(4)结合研究区实际可知,气候、地形地貌、土壤结构、水资源等自然因素为新疆的生态环境提供背景基础,而人类活动则是重要的调控因素。The ecological vulnerability of Xinjiang was assessed using a combined landscape pattern and ecosystem sensitivity approach. The vulnerability indexes of landscapes and the suitability indexes of regional ecological environment are developed by using the reciprocal of fractal dimension, fragmentation, sensitivity of land desertification, sensitivity of soil salinization, and sensitivity of soil erosion. The network covering the whole study area is used to sample the spatial vulnerability of ecological environment, thus, the map of vulnerability distribution of the ecological environment is derived, and the spatial patterns of the vulnerability is analyzed. The results show that ： （ 1 ） The vulnerability of various landscape types was m the following decreasing order： unused lands 〉 farmland 〉 grassland 〉 forest land 〉 construction area 〉 water area; （2） Significantly positive relationships were found between FN, SS, SD, SE and VI, and they can reflect the eco-environment issues well; （3） There is a good agreement between the predicted and actual distribution of EVI zones. EVI value tends to decrease with the decreasing of distance from the two big deserts and increase with the increasing of altitude; （4） Water resources, climatic conditions and human activities are the dominate factors affecting the spatial pattern of the regional ecological environment vulnerability.

关 键 词：景观格局指数 生态系统敏感性指数 生态脆弱度 新疆 

分 类 号：X171.4[环境科学与工程—环境科学]