失译、误题之经年代的考证——以误题曹魏昙谛译《昙无德羯磨》为例  

Textual Criticism of Buddhist Sutra:The Case of Tanwudejiemo

作　　者：颜洽茂[1] 卢巧琴[1] 

机构地区：[1]浙江大学汉语史研究中心,浙江杭州310028

出　　处：《浙江大学学报（人文社会科学版）》2009年第5期178-185,共8页Journal of Zhejiang University:Humanities and Social Sciences

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大资助项目(05JJD740012)

摘　　要：语料年代准确是汉语史研究的根本,语料鉴别本身也是语言研究的有机组成部分。失译、误题之经语言学价值极高,数量宏丰,目前学界对这些经或弃之不用,或直接引用,均不利于汉语史研究。而通过考证,可以梳理出可靠的语料,弥补中古时期资料的匮乏。从文献学、词汇学、文化学三方面综合考证误题曹魏昙谛译《昙无德羯磨》会发现:文献记载其非曹魏昙谛所译,其词汇面貌接近西晋以后译经,而戒法完善之"尼"在西晋以前更未出现,故其年代最早亦在西晋以后,极有可能是刘宋释昙谛所撰。另外,考证过程中应注意参照经的选择、区别性语词的提取、考证方法的应用等问题。The correct date of corpus is essential for the research of Chi identification of corpus should also become an integral part of lingui whose translation date is unknown or was wrongly recorded may hay its number is huge. However, ＂discarding it＂ or ＂directly citing it＂ wou on linguistic research,while textual criticism might sort out reliable c nese language history. The stic study. Buddhist sutra e high linguistic value,and ld have a detrimental effect orpus and make up for the scarcity of data of the early medieval period. In this paper, we shall examine the translation of Tanwudejierno from philological, lexical and cultural perspectives： historical documents show that it was not translated by Tandi （昙谛） in Caowei （曹魏）;its lexis is closer to the Buddhist sutra after the Western Jin Dynasty,and the ＂Commandment of Nun＂ was perfected only after the Western Jin Dynasty. Therefore,the translation date of Tanwudejiemo could be no earlier than the Western Jin, most probably by Tandi in Liusong （刘宋）. Finally, we shall propose our solutions to the issues of the choice of reference Buddhist sutra, extraction of differential words and application of textual criticism of such Buddhist sutra.

关 键 词：失译经 误题经 《昙无德羯磨》 年代考证 参照经选择 语词提取 

分 类 号：H159[语言文字—汉语]