儿童精神分析学的主要方法及其应用  

Child Psychoanalysis:Methods and Their Application

作　　者：郗浩丽[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京师范大学心理系

出　　处：《南京师大学报（社会科学版）》2009年第5期101-106,共6页Journal of Nanjing Normal University(Social Science Edition)

基　　金：全国教育科学规划青年基金课题(CBA080236)

摘　　要：儿童精神分析的出现被视为是精神分析"新范式的开始"。儿童精神分析学的方法主要来自并运用于临床实践与临床发现,迥异于学院心理学的方法,有其自身的特色与优势。其方法主要包括两个方面,一是研究方法,二是治疗方法。儿童精神分析学最主要的方法包括重构法、观察法、实验法、测验法以及游戏疗法。纵观儿童精神分析学的主要方法,我们会发现它们与发展心理学的研究方法有某些共同之处,但发展心理学则更多地是进行标准化研究和对发展过程的详细描绘,而儿童精神分析学者更多研究心理发展动力与潜意识的影响。二者在研究结果与研究内容方面出现了逐渐融合的趋势,越来越多的儿童精神分析学的研究主题,如母婴关系、自我功能、自我发展、分离与剥夺、受挫与攻击性等逐渐纳入发展心理学的视野。The emergence of child psychoanalysis is regarded as the advent of a new paradigm for psychoanalysis. Distinct from the methods adopted by academic psychology, the methods of child psychoanalysis characterized by its own strengths mainly come from and in turn are applied to the clinical practice and clinical findings. Child psychoanalysis consists of two aspects： research and treatment. Its major methods include reconstrnction, observation, experiment, testing and play therapy. Taking a close look at the major methods adopted by child psychoanalysis, we will find that it has something in common with developmental psychology. But developmental psychology focuses on standard research and detailed descriptions of the developmental process, whereas child psychoanalysis emphasizes the dynamics in children＇s mental development and the effect of subconsciousness. However, in terms of research object and findings, these two fields tend to merge together; such issues as the relationship between mother and baby, self efficiency, self development, displacement and deprivation, frustration and aggressiveness, which are conventional child psychoanalysis research topics, are increasingly entering into developmental psychology.

关 键 词：儿童精神分析 重构法 观察法 实验法与测验法 游戏疗法 

分 类 号：B844.1[哲学宗教—发展与教育心理学]