风化煤施用对复垦土壤理化性质酶活性及植被恢复的影响研究  

Amelioration of Weathered Coal on Soil Physical,Chemical Properties and Enzyme Activities with Vegetation Restoration

作　　者：武瑞平[1] 李华[1] 曹鹏[1] 

机构地区：[1]山西大学环境与资源学院,山西太原030006

出　　处：《农业环境科学学报》2009年第9期1855-1861,共7页Journal of Agro-Environment Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(40501071)

摘　　要：针对黄土高原气候特征以及露天矿区复垦土壤存在的土壤土体松散、抗蚀能力弱、有机质含量低、养分贫乏等问题,利用风化煤为修复介质,通过室内模拟分析试验,研究了种植不同品种紫花苜蓿后,冻融交替作用和水分状况对矿区复垦土壤理化性质、酶活性及植被恢复的影响。结果表明,合理施用风化煤对露天煤矿复垦土壤物理、化学、生物学性质有明显的改良效果。各个指标间存在显著的相关性,有机质含量的提高能够促进其他物理、化学、生物学指标的改善,团聚体百分含量最大达到95.80%,较对照增加1.20%;脲酶活性最高达到0.181(NH4-Nmg·g-·124h-1),较对照增加88%。土壤水分状况对复垦土壤性质影响显著,含水量10%处理的土壤水稳性团聚体百分含量显著高于含水量5%和15%的处理,适当的水分条件,对改良效果有明显的促进作用。经历冻融交替作用后,施用风化煤对紫花苜蓿种植区土壤的理化性质、酶活性均有显著的良性影响。研究结果显示施用风化煤可有效促进矿区土壤的结构改良及生态重建。Pingshuo open-pit mine is located in the eastern part of the Loess Plateau, the northern district of Shuozhou City, Shanxi Province. Problems of reclaimed soil exist in the Loess Plateau opencast mine area such as bad soil structure, weak resistance capability, lower soil organic matter content and poor soil nutrient and so on owing to mining activities＇ damage. And taking into account the specific climate characteristics of the Loess Plateau ：large temperature difference, and rainfall scarce, effect of weathered coal on soil physical, chemical properties and enzyme activities with vegetation restoration under freezing-thawing process and water content were studied by lab simulation tests. Results iudicated：a reasonable useof weathered coal on the open-cut coal mine reclaimed soil could significantly improve soil physical, chemical, and biological properties, and the various indicators of experimental measured were markedly inter-related each other, the increase of organic matter content improved the soil physical, chemical, biological properties. The maximum of weight percent of soil aggregates was up to 95.80%, which was 1.20% higher than the contrast; and maximum of urease activity was 0.181 （NH4-N mg·g^-1·24 h^-1）, which increased 88% than the Contrast. Soil moisture conditions significantly affected the soil properties, weight percent of soil water-stable aggregate, which water content was 10%, was clearly higher than that water content was 5% or 15%. Appropriate water content played an obvious promotion role in mine area soil restoration. The application of weathered coal could significantly better physical and chemical properties, enzyme activities of soil under alternating freezing-thawing process. Results showed that application of weathered coal on mine area soil was effective in acceler- ating improved soil structure and ecological reconstruction.

关 键 词：风化煤 矿区土地复垦 土壤理化性质 酶活性 紫花苜蓿 

分 类 号：X171.4[环境科学与工程—环境科学]