从存在论的境域把握马克思意识形态概念之核心  

Back to the Ontology Horizon of Karl Marx's Ideology Concept

作　　者：张文喜[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学哲学院

出　　处：《中国人民大学学报》2009年第5期73-79,共7页Journal of Renmin University of China

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目"重建历史唯物主义历史总体观"(08BZX074)

摘　　要：意识形态作为一种反映特定经济形态、阶级利益的观念或意识系统,人们通常将其阐释为一种"虚幻意识"。但是,一种虚幻或颠倒现实的观念解释系统如何能够反映并服务于阶级利益?除非统治和意识形态之间的存在论上的关系比阶级的条件更基本、更源始。马克思在力图深究意识形态概念之核心的研究中所达到的存在论新境域,显然是以这个关系到阶级前意识和观念符号系统结构的"无知"之幕为背景的。在那里,不可能将反映者与被反映者、科学与意识形态的关系作认识论或知识论的区分和理解。马克思试图揭示的是有关"活动"的前提以及确定意识形态存在的物质性。因此,我们不能将基于分裂的阶级统治的社会状况之意识形态虚幻反映及其辩护作用禁锢在知性所能够把握的认识论之中,而应该读出并把握其存在论基础。Ideology as a consciousness system,which reflects certain economic shape and class interests, is usually regarded as ＂illusional consciousness＂. However, how can an unrealistic or illusional consciousness reflect and serve the interests of a class, unless the ontological relationship between rule and ideology is more fundamental and original than the condition of class. The new ontological horizon opened by Karl Marx is obviously based on the ＂innocent＂ condition related to preconsciousness and structure of symbolic system of class. In this ＂innocent＂ condition, it is impossible to identify and comprehend the relationships between reflection and the reflected, and science and ideology in epistemology. What Marx tries to explain is the premise of the concerned ＂action＂ and the materiality of ideology. Therefore, we shall not count on Marx to orient the analysis of divided class rule and social condition＇s illusion consciousness and its function epistemologically, though there has been a lot of hard work to support the opposite idea.

关 键 词：马克思 意识形态 存在论 

分 类 号：A811[哲学宗教—马克思主义哲学]