负温度的谬误和熵变化对称性的恢复  

Fallacy on negative temperature and symmetrical resume on change of entropy

作　　者：张一方[1] 

机构地区：[1]云南大学物理系,云南昆明650091

出　　处：《商丘师范学院学报》2009年第9期58-62,共5页Journal of Shangqiu Normal University

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(K1020195)

摘　　要：在重述负温度以后发现它必然导致熵减.负温度是基于Kelvin温标及条件dU>0和dS<0.反之,dU<0和dS>0时也是负温度.但是,负温度与通常温度的意义及物理和数学的某些基本概念是完全矛盾的.这是非平衡热力学中的一个问题.由此联系于孤立系统在一定条件下的熵减.热力学第二定律必然导致时间箭头和对称性破缺,熵减在一定程度将恢复熵变化的对称性.由对称性还讨论了推广的Noether定理.After negative temperature is restated, it is found that negative temperature will derive necessarily decrease of entropy. Negative temperature is based on the Kelvin scale and the condition dU 〉 0 and dS 〈 0. Conversely, there is also negative temperature for dU 〈 0 and dS 〉 0. But, negative temperature is contradiction with usual meaning of temperature and with some basic concepts of physics and mathematics. It is a question in nonequilibrium thermodynamics. This relates decrease of entropy in isolated systems under some conditions. The second law of thermodynamics leads necessarily the arrow of time and symmetry breaking, and decrease of entropy will resume symmetry on change of entropy at a certain degree. The generalized Noether theorem is also discussed from symmetry.

关 键 词：熵 负温度 非平衡态 对称性 

分 类 号：O413.1[理学—理论物理]