沈德潜与薛雪格调论诗学观辨析  

Shen De-qian and the Same Tune-Style Xue Xue Concept of Poetry

作　　者：王顺贵[1] 

机构地区：[1]上饶师范学院中文系,江西上饶334001

出　　处：《徐州师范大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2009年第5期24-28,共5页Journal of Xuzhou Normal University(Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目"中国古代文论承传研究"(07czw001)阶段性成果

摘　　要：格调论是明代诗学的主流与正宗,在清代具有深入广泛的影响,与神韵论、性灵论成三足鼎立之势。沈德潜作为格调论的盟主和集大成者,建构了比较完善的格调论诗学体系。故沈德潜的格调论影响有清一代,薛雪则深受其影响,作为沈德潜的同调,随后继起,与之桴鼓相应,声气相通。沈德潜与薛雪的格调论学理体系有许多共性:沈德潜和薛雪都非常重视诗歌的教化作用,强调诗歌的经世精神,认为诗歌是用来"经风化、厚人伦"的,这是两人对儒家诗歌传统的共同传承;在人格与诗格二者的关系上,他们都强调人格重于诗格,这是两人对格调论诗学的丰富与发展;在诗歌拟议与变化关系上,他们都强调在宗古尊古的前提下,应注重创作实践中的神明变化;而在"格调"的具体界划上,沈德潜和薛雪则有所不同:沈德潜的划分是潜隐的,薛雪的划分则非常明确。可以说,沈德潜与薛雪的格调论诗学观既是中国传统儒家诗学的结晶,也是格调论诗学在清代的深入发展。他们一方面显现了趋于一致的内在本质,即熔铸传统诗学的成功经验,摆脱坚守六朝、强分唐宋的偏执,强调在学古的基础上别裁创获,建构新的诗学范式;另一方面沈德潜的诗论代表了格调论诗学的集大成性,是格调论诗学传统在清代的再继承与再发展,而薛雪的格调论诗学则代表了清代格调论向个性化的转变发展,并揭示了清代格调论诗学的独特性与丰富多样性。The style theory is the poetic mainstream in the Ming Dynasty and the orthodox school, which has the thorough widespread influence in the Qing Dynasty. Shen De-qian, epitomizing discussion as the style, constructed the quite perfect style to discuss the poetic system. Therefore Shen Deqian style discussion influenced one generation, Xue Xue was the one who was deeply influenced by him. Through discussion of the scientific theory, comparison to Shen De-qian and Xue Xue~ style, we may have many common identities. Shen and Xue both stressed that poetry governs the spirit. In the personality and in the rules of poetry, Shen and Xue stressed the personality and the rules of poetry. But in the style concrete division, Shen and Xue are different form each other.

关 键 词：沈德潜 沈德潜的同调 薛雪 格调论 

分 类 号：I207.22[文学—中国文学]