南京国民政府时期的国民外交运动论略  

On the Influence of the Civil Diplomacy Movements in Nanjing Government of the Republic of China

作　　者：印少云[1] 

机构地区：[1]徐州师范大学法政学院,江苏徐州221116

出　　处：《徐州师范大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2009年第5期67-71,共5页Journal of Xuzhou Normal University(Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition)

基　　金：2006年江苏省社会科学基金项目"民国政治与国民外交运动"(项目批准号为:06JSBLS009)的阶段性成果;江苏省"青蓝工程"资助

摘　　要：国民对外交的积极参与是民国时期外交的一个特点。在民国南京政府统治时期,一方面,民众在参与外交的过程中,能够摒弃党派之争,关注民族的真正利益,促进了抗日民族统一战线的形成;另一方面,在运动过程中不计其数的突发性集体行为及由此导致的政府与民众的对立,引起了外交运动的对内转向,使国民政府的执政能力及统治的合法性受到质疑。另外,国民政府往往站在党派利益的角度,对广大学生群众的外交诉求加以压制,最终引发了国民政府统治的全面危机。国民外交运动体现了国民对外交的关注,是广大国民参与政治的一种形式。事实表明,这种参与可以提高广大国民的社会责任感,在国民外交运动中,合理伸张民众意见可以促进民众对政治权威的认同。在激烈的党派竞争中,面对民众的外交诉求,作为政府,一方面要对民众运动加以抚慰与疏导,另一方面要秉持民族利益第一的原则,否则将会使自身限于合法性危机。Civil diplomacy was an important part in the history of the Republic of the China. During this period, the characteristic of the civil movements was paying more attention to the real benefits of the nation than the interests of parties, which was a motive force to the formation and firmness of the Anti-Japanese United Front ; On the other hand, many collective actions and the opposition between the people and the government made the direction of the movements from opposing hostile government to opposing domestic government. It result the political crisis of the government of the Republic of the China. The fact has shown that upholding the rational viewpoints of the normal people can advance the government being approved by the people. Facing the competition of the parties, the government should console and dredge the movements of the people. In addition, it also should adhere to the national interests. Otherwise, it was going to be in the crisis of legitimacy.

关 键 词：南京政府 国民外交 民众运动 

分 类 号：K262.9[历史地理—历史学]