滇白前(Silene viscidula)对铅、锌、镉的共超富集特征  

Co-hyperaccumulative characteristics of lead,zinc and cadmium by Silene viscidula Franch

作　　者：肖青青[1] 王宏镔[1] 王海娟[1] 叶志鸿[2] 

机构地区：[1]昆明理工大学环境科学与工程学院,云南昆明650093 [2]中山大学生命科学学院,广东广州510006

出　　处：《生态环境学报》2009年第4期1299-1306,共8页Ecology and Environmental Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(30600081);云南省应用基础研究计划项目(2006C0015Q);昆明理工大学人才科研基金项目(14118016)

摘　　要：为了寻找新的重金属超富集植物特别是多金属共超富集植物,调查测定了云南兰坪铅锌矿区北厂矿段生长的8种植物及其根区土壤的重金属质量分数,以及土壤基本理化性质。结果表明：研究区土壤中磷和钾质量分数较低,总氮、总磷、总钾、铵态氮、硝态氮、速效磷分别占土壤干质量的0.2%、0.03%、0.52%、0.0029%、0.00012%、0.00068%;有机质质量分数平均为4.81%,pH值平均为6.79,电导率变化范围为11.4-140.3μs·cm^-1。该矿区土壤中锌（Zn）、铅（Pb）、镉（Cd）、铜（Cu）的质量分数平均值分别为（38178±23870）、（18671±10143）、（438±345）、（159±82）mg·kg^-1,除Cu外均超过国家土壤环境质量（GB15618-1995）三级标准。8种植物地上部Zn、Pb、Cd、Cu质量分数范围分别为271-17986、51-5430、1-617、2-26mg·kg^-1,尤以滇白前（Silene viscidula Franch）地上部Zn、Pb、Cd质量分数为最高。进一步采集38个滇白前样本对其重金属富集特征进行深入调查,表明其地上部中含Zn、Pb和Cd平均为（11043±3537）（、1546±1044）和（391±196）mg·kg^-1,富集系数（地上部和土壤金属质量分数之比）分别为0.35、0.08和1.05,转运系数（地上部和根中金属质量分数之比）均超过1,均值分别为8.21、3.90和8.36。野外调查数据表明,滇白前是一种Pb/Zn/Cd共超富集植物。滇白前对Zn、Pb富集系数小于1,主要是由于其对应土壤中Zn、Pb质量分数太高（平均分别为（45778±32819）、（22512±13613）mg·kg^-1）所致。Concentrations of main heavy metals in eight species and their associated soils from Beichang sector, Lanping lead-zinc mining area, Yunnan Province, were investigated in order to screen out new hyperaccumulators, especially multimetal co-hyperaccumulators. Soil physico-chemical properties were also studied. The results showed that the investigated soils were very barren, with low concentrations of phosphorus and potassium. Total nitrogen, total phosphorus, total potassium, ammonium nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen and rapidly available phosphorus only accounted for 0.2%, 0.03%, 0.52% and 0.002 9%, 0.000 12% and 0.000 68% of soil dry weight, respectively. The average content of organic matter in soil was 4.81%, the pH value was 6.79 and soil electrical conductivity varied from 11.4 to 140.3 μs.cm^-1. At the studied site, the average concentrations of Zn, Pb, Cd and Cu in soil were （38178±23870）, （18671±10143）, （438±345） and （159±82） mg.kg^-1, respectively, which exceeded the limits of Enviroumental Quality Standard for Soils （GB 15618-1995, Grade III） except Cu. The concentrations of heavy metals in shoots of eight species ranged from 271 to 17 986 for Zn, from 51 to 5 430 for Pb, from 1 to 617 for Cd and from 2 to 26 for Cu, respectively, and the highest Zn, Pb, Cd concentrations were shown in Silene viscidula Franch. Thirty-eight samples of S. viscidula were sampled to further study its accu- mulative characteristics of heavy metals. On the average, the concentrations of Pb, Zn and Cd in its shoots were （1546±1044）, （11043±3537） and （391±196） mg.kg^-1, respectively. The bioaccumulation factors （metal concentration ratio between shoot and soil） of S. viscidula for Pb, Zn and Cd were 0.08, 0.35 and 1.05, respectively. All samples had a translocation factor （metal concentration ratio between shoot and root） higher than 1, with an average of 3.90, 8.21, 8.36, respectively. These data meet the standard for hy- peraccumulator evaluation, suggesting that S. viscidula is a Pb/Z

关 键 词：滇白前(Silene viscidula Franch) 重金属 铅 锌 镉 超富集植物 

分 类 号：X171.5[环境科学与工程—环境科学]