水信息学及其在水环境中的应用研究综述  

Hydroinformatics and its application to water environment:A review

作　　者：向先全[1] 陶建华[2] 

机构地区：[1]天津大学环境科学与工程学院,中国天津300072 [2]天津大学机械工程学院,中国天津300072

出　　处：《生态环境学报》2009年第4期1587-1593,共7页Ecology and Environmental Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(10872144)

摘　　要：水信息学是一门新兴的学科,是在水范围内运用知识的新途径、元知识。它着重运用计算机技术、通信网络技术、3S技术、可视化技术等一系列高新技术,并结合传统水科学和工程学的方法,研究与水环境相关数据的收集、存储、处理、模拟、预测和结果显示等问题。文章首先探讨了几种不同的水环境概念及水环境研究模型,阐述了近年生态水力学模型的制约因素。生态水力学模型建立在时空一致性和质量能量守恒等假设上,而水生态系统的高度复杂性、非线性和时空特异性制约模型的发展。从"知识发现"和"知识管理"两个视角出发,重点阐述数学模型、数据挖掘、数据同化、数据驱动、地理信息系统、决策支持系统、商业软件等水信息学方法在水环境研究中的应用。目前水信息学还处于起步阶段,各方法交叉结合的研究还比较少,在今后的研究中有待加强,包括基于数据的各方法手段的结合、基于数据和基于过程的两者结合、水环境的知识发现和知识管理的结合等。As a new rising discipline, hydroinformatics is a meta-knowledge in the water field and provides a new way to use knowledge in this field. A number of high technologies, such as computer technology, communication network, 3S, visualization, and so on are emphatically employed and combined with traditional methods of water science and engineering to study the acquisition, storage, treatment, simulation, prediction and display of water information. This paper discusses the general trend of water environment research and its bottleneck problems, and analyzes the development history from early water quality model to eco-hydraulics model emerging in recent years. These models are often derived based on the assumption of spatial homogeneity and conservation principles of mass, momentum and energy. Development of a reliable process-based model requires thorough understanding of external and inner mechanism of the systems. However, the highly complexity and spatiotemporal heterogeneity of the aquatic systems restrict the development of such models. With the increase of magnanimity data and the development of information technology, more and more hydroinformatics technologies have been adopted to research on the biotic and ecosystem, which could cover the shortage of knowledge on the mechanisms. From the two perspectives of knowledge discovery and knowledge management, this paper lays emphasis on mathematical model, data mining, data assimilation, data driven, geographic information system, decision support system and commercial software, as well as their application in the studies on water environment. Meanwhile, the prospect is presented that hydroinformatics should be combined with systematics in solving complex problems of water environment. Recently, hydroinformatics is still in its early starting stage, and the research on mixed-cross method is still very few. In order to discover the essential characteristics of actual biotic and ecosystem, it is valuable to focus on the development of mixed-cross methods, includin

关 键 词：水信息学 水环境 知识发现 知识管理 

分 类 号：X143[环境科学与工程—环境科学]