试论绍兴地区历代名医辈出的原因  

Probing the Causes Responsible for the Coming Forth of Large Number of Renowned Physicians in Shaoxing Area

作　　者：诸晓英[1] 

机构地区：[1]浙江省中医药研究院附属医院

出　　处：《中华医史杂志》1998年第4期238-243,共6页Chinese Journal of Medical History

摘　　要：绍兴地区自古以来名人辈出，其中也涌现出如裴宗元、张介宾、马莳、何廉臣等医学名家。绍兴历代名医辈出与这一地区包括河姆渡文化这一史前文明在内的古越文化有着渊源关系，还与东汉以后这一地区道家养生学说的流行有关。特别是北宋末年宋室南渡时，将一大批太医院医官安置绍兴，使绍兴“越医”名闻于世。至明清，绍兴地区经济繁荣、文教昌盛，医药业得到迅速发展，促使名医大量出现。深入分析绍兴历代名医辈出的原因，主要是在该地区特定的政治、经济、文化、地理环境中，存在着产生名医的三大机制：一是激励———分流机制：绍兴地区自古民间“贵士”，激励众多学子“学而优则仕”，而仕途艰难，又使不少业儒者转而为医。二是承继———放大机制：绍兴医学世家多且具有区域特色。如“绍派伤寒”等医学学派在形成和发展中，各学派代有传人，使名家不断增多。三是交流———聚集机制：古代绍兴区域性甚至全国性医药业中心的地位，促进了医药学术经验的交流和各地医学人才向该地区聚集。Being an area with large amount of renowned physicians coming forth, including Pei Zongyuan, Zhang Jiebin, Ma Shi, He Lianchen, Shaoxing is closely related to, in its otigin, the ancient Yue culture of prevalence of Taoist theory of life preservation after the Eastern Han dynasty. It is especially conspicuous when a large amount of medical officials fron Taiyiyuan (Imperal Medical Academy) were despatched to station in Shaoxing after the removal of the Song Imperial Government to the south, rendering Shaoxing famous for its “Yue doctors”. Up to the Ming Qing dynasties, large amount of famous physicians appeared in the midst of prosperous economy, culture, education and medicine as well. To probe to its end, the mechanism include three aspects. First, the mechanism of encouragement and bifurcation. Among the folk people, literati used to be treasured in Shaoxing area; this had encouraged most scholars to pursur official position, which, being so difficult to acquire, turned most of them to shift to medical profession. Second the inherited augmentation mechanism. Since there were so many physician families in Shaoxing area with regional uniqueness, such as 'Shaoxing School of Shanghan', each with their inherited descendents, thus contributing to the increasing number of scholars. Third, exchanging congregation mechanism. Owing to the position of Shaoxing as a focus of medical and pharmaceutical profession, it attracted talents on these field to congregate, thus forming the academic center for renowned physicians.

关 键 词：历代名医 绍兴地区 中医学史 

分 类 号：R－092[医药卫生]