不同肥料配比对富士苹果产量及品质的影响  

Effect of different fertilization on yield and quality of Fuji apple

作　　者：赵佐平[1,2] 同延安[1] 高义民[1] 付莹莹[1] 

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学资源环境学院,陕西杨凌712100 [2]陕西理工学院,陕西汉中723001

出　　处：《植物营养与肥料学报》2009年第5期1130-1135,共6页Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers

基　　金：国际植物营养研究所项目(IPNI)资助

摘　　要：为了探讨不同氮、磷、钾配合施肥对渭北旱塬富士苹果产量及品质的影响,为富士苹果的优质、高产提供理论依据,本文通过连续5年(2004～2008)氮、磷、钾不同配比施肥定位试验,研究了不同配比施肥对苹果产量及品质的影响。结果表明:施用化肥能使苹果产量提高12.62%～48.57%;NPK处理5年中平均产量为34.8 t/hm^2,较对照增加了48.57%;PK、NK和NP处理的苹果平均产量较对照(CK)分别增加了12.62%、21.50%和21.16%。当地化肥对苹果产量的贡献顺序为氮肥>钾肥≥磷肥。NPK处理,苹果商品率不断提高,果径大于75 mm的果实个数所占比例逐年增加,由2004年的53.7%增至2008年的81.2%,增长率达51.2%;苹果的糖酸比由2004年的37.1逐年提高到2008年的39.9,提高了7.5%;Vc含量及硬度同样有逐年递增趋势。PK、NK、NP处理,果径小于75 mm的果实个数所占比例逐年增加,糖酸比及Vc含量逐年降低,尤其是NP处理,糖酸比由2004年的32.7降至2008年的20.8,降低了36.3%。PK、NK、NP处理苹果Vc含量5年降低了15.6%,硬度也随试验时间的推移出现逐年下降趋势。氮、磷、钾配合施肥提高了苹果产量,改善了苹果品质。To study effects of different N, P and K fertilization on quality and yield of Fuji apple in order to provide the theoretical foundation for high yield and quality of apple production in the Weibei tableland. A 5 year field experiment from 2004 to 2008 was conducted. The results showed that the apple yields are increased by 12.62% to 48.57% under the different fertilization, and the order of increase rates by the elements is N〉K≥P. The effect of application of N fertilizer combined with P and K fertilizers is the best, the ratio of apple diameters which are bigger than 75 mm is increased from 53.7% in 2004 to 81.2% in 2008, and the ratio of sugar/acid is increased from 37.1 to 39.9. However, for the NP, PK and NK treatments, the ratio of sugar/acid, Vc and hardness are all decreased, especially for the NP treatment, the ratio of sugar/acid and Vc are decreased by 36.3% and 15.6% respectively. Application of N, P combined with K fertilizer can improve the apple yield and quality.

关 键 词：苹果 不同肥料配比施肥 产量 苹果品质 

分 类 号：S661.1[农业科学—果树学] S606.2[农业科学—园艺学]