空间目标匹配方法的应用分析  

A Detailed Investigation on the Methods of Object Matching

作　　者：徐枫[1] 邓敏[2,3] 赵彬彬[2,3] 陈建军 

机构地区：[1]湖南师范大学资源与环境学院,长沙410081 [2]中南大学测绘与国土信息工程系,长沙410083 [3]湖南省地理空间信息技术中心,长沙410083

出　　处：《地球信息科学》2009年第5期657-663,共7页Geo-information Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(4087118040501053);湖南省自然科学基金项目(07JJ6075);现代工程测量国家测绘局重点实验室开放基金项目(TJES0801)

摘　　要：为了更好地发挥地理空间数据的作用,扩展地理空间数据的应用范围,在实际应用中常常需要对多种来源的、表达同一区域的空间数据进行集成,或利用新近(或现势性高)获取的空间数据对旧的(现势性低)空间数据进行更新。在实现多种空间数据集成或更新过程中,一个关键技术就是对不同的空间数据集进行匹配,以寻找匹配目标对,进而探测不同空间数据集的差异或变化。目前,已提出了许多种匹配方法,这些方法在很大程度上都具有一定的优势或不足。鉴于此,本文系统地回顾已有的空间目标匹配方法,并进行详细地分析与比较,以利该方法的未来发展更为实用。To improve both the reuse and the quality of existing spatial data,it is urged to develop approaches for integrating and updating spatial data,which possibly are collected from multiple sources,at different time,and/or multiple representations for the same spatial region.For this purpose,object matching has become one of the crucial technologies,and it is conducive to detect change and/or difference between different spatial datasets（e.g.two different scales of maps）by comparison of corresponding objects.Currently many matching methods have been developed for different types of objects in practical applications.These methods can be classified by two modes,i.e.matching criterion and object type.Methods based on matching criterion can be classified into three categories,i.e.geometric,topological and semantic matching,which are respectively implemented by geometric constraints（e.g.distance,shape similarity,direction）,topological constraints（e.g.connectivity,node degree） and semantic constraints（e.g.semantic similarity）,whereas the matching methods based on object type can be further referred as point-to-point,point-to-region,line-to-line,line-to-region,and region-to-region matching.In the process of object matching,there are possibly six matching mapping relations,i.e.1∶0,0∶1,1∶1,1∶N,N∶1,N∶M.As for the latter three matching mapping,an iterative searching process is needed to build the mapping relations between the correspondences in two different spatial datasets.Through analysis of literatures,one can find that each of the matching methods to some extent has its advantages for some particular types of objects（e.g.line or area） and/or applications.That is to say,they are lack of generality.Based upon this situation,this paper makes a systematical investigation on existing matching methods,including their classifications,basic principles and procedures,and the applications in geo-spatial information science（e.g.map updting,spatial data integration,etc）.A detailed comparison is made

关 键 词：目标匹配 地图更新 匹配指标 

分 类 号：P208[天文地球—地图制图学与地理信息工程] TN919.81[天文地球—测绘科学与技术]