长江口及其邻近海域渔业生物的群落结构特征  

Community structure of fishery biology in the Yangtze River estuary and its adjacent waters

作　　者：金显仕[1] 单秀娟[1] 郭学武[1] 李显森[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所,农业部海洋渔业资源可持续利用重点开放实验室,农业部黄渤海渔业资源环境重点野外科学观测试验站,青岛266071

出　　处：《生态学报》2009年第9期4761-4772,共12页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重大资助项目(30490233);国家973计划课题资助项目(2006CB400608);山东省泰山学者专项基金资助项目

摘　　要：根据2006年6月、8月和10月对长江口及其邻近海域渔业生物的底拖网调查数据,对该海域渔业生物的群落结构特征进行了分析。调查中共捕获渔业生物207种,主要是以暖温性和暖水性的种类为主,冷温性种类细纹狮子鱼和黄鮟鱇等也出现在调查中并成为优势种。渔业生物的多样性有所升高,种类的更替加快,部分洄游种类已成为历史记录。经济价值低、个体小、年龄结构简单和营养层次低的类群在长江口及其邻近海域占据优势地位。调查捕获渔业生物的种类数明显高于20世纪80年代相应月份的种类数,但是渔业生物的渔获率和个体数仅占80年代调查的8%左右。渔获率比较高的区域主要分布在调查区域的北部、中部及河口区域,但是渔业生物的多样性指数分布与之相反,因此在具有相对均质高多样性的群落结构条件下很难维持高渔获率。Community structure of fishery biology in the Yangtze River estuary and its adjacent waters were examined based on data collected from bottom trawl surveys in June, August and October, 2006. It was inscribed that there are 207 fisheries species, which were mainly composed of warm water and warm temperature species, cold temperature species, such as Lophius litulon and Liparis tanakae, also were found in the surveys and became dominant species in fisheries community. Fishery biology diversity increased, the period of shifts of species was reduced, and some migration species were not collected in the surveys. Some ecological groups with lower economic value, smaller size, simpler age structure and lower tropic level were absolutely predominant positions in the Yangtze River estuary and its adjacent waters. The number of fishery biology species in 2006 was higher than that in the 1980＇s, but the total biomass and the number of individual was about 8% of 1980＇s surveys. The higher fishery biomass was found in the north part, central part and coastal waters of the survey area, adversely, the higher diversity of fishery biology was found in the southern survey area and outer waters, so it was hard to maintain higher fishery production when higher diversity was evenly distributed in fishery biology community.

关 键 词：长江口 渔业生物 群落结构 

分 类 号：S917[农业科学—水产科学]