《生物多样性公约》国际履约的进展与趋势  

Progress and trends for implementation of the convention on biological diversity

作　　者：张丽荣[1] 成文娟[2] 薛达元[2,3] 

机构地区：[1]环境保护部环境规划院,北京100012 [2]中央民族大学生命与环境科学学院,北京100081 [3]环境保护部南京环境科学研究所,南京210042

出　　处：《生态学报》2009年第10期5636-5643,共8页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划资助项目(2007BAC03A08);国家高等学校学科创新引智计划资助项目(2008-B08044)

摘　　要：《生物多样性公约》履约15 a来,在国际履约层次上已形成由缔约方大会、科技咨询附属机构会议、特设工家组会议以及技术专家组会议等构成的会议制度与履约机制。《公约》以生态系统方式为指导,制定了7个生态系统类型的专题工作方案;提出10个跨领域议题的准则及其主要目标和原则;并通过"战略计划",提出到2010年大幅度降低全球、地区和各国生物多样性锐减速度的战略目标。而在《公约》的国际谈判过程中,缔约方形成了不同的利益集团。2008年5月召开的第九次缔约方大会,在遗传资源获取和惠益分享、应对气候变化、构建海洋保护区体系等方面取得进展;并进一步提出未来在国际层面的履约需要集中资源,具体实施已经制定的计划和工作方案。Since the Convention on Biological Diversity（CBD） entered into force on Dec.29,2003,a decision-making system and compliance mechanism for CBD implementation has been formed at the international level,which are constituted by the Conference of Parties,and meetings of the Subsidiary Body of Scientific,Technical and Technological Advice（SBSTTA）,Ad hoc working group meetings and technical experts group meetings.Guided by the Ecosystem Approach,CBD has developed 7 Thematic Programs for different ecosystems;put forward guidelines including the main objects and principles for 10 cross-cutting issues,and adopted the Strategy Plan which is aiming at a significant reduction of the current rate of biodiversity loss at the global,regional and national level by 2010.Meanwhile,during the international negotiation,parties developed various interests groups.The Ninth Conference of Parties（COP-9）,held at Bonn,Germany in May,2008,made progress on negotiating an international regime for access and benefit-sharing of genetic resources,adapting climate change′s impacts on biodiversity,and establishing a protected area system for marine areas beyond national jurisdictions.COP-9 also requested to concentrate the resources to implement the programs and plans that have already been developed at the international level.

关 键 词：生物多样性 生物多样性公约 履约 进展 趋势 

分 类 号：Q16[生物学—普通生物学] X176[环境科学与工程—环境科学]