生物柴油组成与组分结构对其低温流动性的影响  

IMPACT OF COMPOSITION AND MOLECULAR STRUCTURE UPON THE COLD FLOW PROPERTIES FOR BIODIESEL

作　　者：陈秀[1] 袁银男[1] 来永斌[1] 王利平 

机构地区：[1]江苏大学,江苏镇江212013 [2]江南大学,江苏无锡214122

出　　处：《石油学报（石油加工）》2009年第5期673-677,共5页Acta Petrolei Sinica(Petroleum Processing Section)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(50376021);江苏省发改委研究项目资助

摘　　要：在分析生物柴油分子结构的基础上,应用色-质联用仪、低温性能测试仪、溶液结晶原理和相似相溶原理研究生物柴油的低温流动性。提出了生物柴油是由高熔点饱和脂肪酸甲酯和低熔点不饱和脂肪酸甲酯组成的伪二元组分溶液的观点。基于46种生物柴油组成与冷滤点的实验结果,建立了相关性很好的冷滤点预测模型。研究表明,生物柴油主要由14～24个偶数碳链的脂肪酸甲酯组成,低温流动性主要取决于饱和脂肪酸甲酯的含量和分子结构;生物柴油的冷滤点随着饱和脂肪酸甲酯含量的增加呈线性增加,饱和脂肪酸甲酯烷基碳链越长增加幅度越大;根据组成可直接预测生物柴油的冷滤点。The cold filter plugging points （CFPP） of biodiesel derived from methyl esters of peanut oil, palm oil, cottonseed oil, sesame oil, sunflower oil, soybean oil, rapeseed oil, waste oil, and their blends were measured according to GB/T 20828-2007. The chemical composition of hiodiesel was analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Impact of composition upon the cold flow properties for hiodiesel was investigated by molecular structure, solution crystallization theory and similarity-intermiscibility theory. Biodiesel might be considered as a pseudobinary binary solution consisting of solute, those with high-melting-point saturated fatty acid methyl esters, and solvent, those with low-melting-point unsaturated fatty acid methyl esters. A good correlation model was proposed for predicting the CFPP of actual biodiesel by chemical composition, basing on the test results of 46 biodiesel samples. The results showed that biodiesel was mainly composed of fatty acid methyl esters, including C14--C24 saturated and unsaturated fatty acid methyl esters. The cold flow properties of biodiesel were determined mainly by the amount and molecular structure of saturated fatty acid methyl esters, which became worse with the increase of the amount and carbon chain length of saturated fatty acid methyl esters in biodiesel.

关 键 词：生物柴油 低温流动性 气相色谱-质谱 结晶 

分 类 号：TK6[动力工程及工程热物理—生物能]