应用腰鞭毛虫评价水体重金属污染的方法研究  

Use of Dinoflagellates as a Metal Toxicity Assessment Tool in Aquatic System

作　　者：袁立娟[1] 何孟常[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学环境学院,水环境模拟国家重点实验室,北京100875

出　　处：《环境科学》2009年第10期2918-2923,共6页Environmental Science

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展规划(973)项目(2004CB418502);香港亚太水业有限公司科研计划项目

摘　　要：鉴于腰鞭毛虫(dinoflagellates)生物毒性测试方法尚处于起步阶段,缺少各种污染物相应的毒性评价标准.利用美国海军研发的高新技术QwikLiteTM测试腰鞭毛虫发光量变化,应用腰鞭毛虫对重金属的响应关系评价水体重金属污染.结果表明,单一重金属的生物毒性Hg2+>Cu2+>Cd2+>As5+>Pb2+>Cr6+;2种、3种和4种重金属联合毒性基本以协同作用为主,个别有拮抗现象;pH对腰鞭毛虫影响不显著,可以直接将其应用于天然水体的生物毒性测试,但是pH对Hg2+和Cu2+的毒性有较大影响,测定这2类离子时需扣除pH影响;腰鞭毛虫不易受水体中营养物质影响,COD变化对腰鞭毛虫与Hg2+、Cd2+的响应关系影响显著.腰鞭毛虫对重金属污染敏感性好,响应范围窄,稳定性高,是水体重金属生物毒性测试的良好物种.Although dinoflagellates have been used to assess biological toxicity of contaminants,this method still lacks of corresponding toxicity assessment standard.This study appraised the toxicity of selected heavy metals to dinoflagellates based on the dinoflagellates bioluminescence with QwikLiteTM developed by the United States Navy.The results show that single heavy metal biological toxicity is in the order： Hg^2＋〉Cu^2＋〉Cd^2＋〉As^5＋〉Pb^2＋〉Cr^6＋;Two,three and four heavy metal mixture experiments show synergism primarily,antagonism is in minority.pH has not remarkable effect on dinoflagellates,they can be applied directly in natural water,but pH influence Hg^2＋ and Cu^2＋ toxicity greatly,eliminating the influence of pH is essential when doing these two kind of ions measurements.The nutrients has little influence on dinoflagellates,change in COD has obvious effect on the response relationships between dinoflagellates and Hg2＋ or Cu^2＋.Metal toxicity assessment using dinoflagellates shows great sensitivity,narrow response scope and high stability.Dinoflagellates are good species for heavy metal biological toxicity test in aquatic system.

关 键 词：腰鞭毛虫 重金属 生物毒性 QwikLiteTM IC50值 

分 类 号：X174[环境科学与工程—环境科学]