城市污水处理厂活性污泥中氨氧化菌群落结构研究  

Community Structures of Ammonia-oxidizing Bacteria in Activated Sludge of Wastewater Treatment Plants

作　　者：王晓慧[1] 文湘华[1] Criddle Craig 张杰[1] 杨宁宁[1] 赵颖[3] 

机构地区：[1]清华大学环境科学与工程系,北京100084 [2]Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering,Stanford University [3]北京排水集团,北京100044

出　　处：《环境科学》2009年第10期3002-3006,共5页Environmental Science

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划项目(2006BAC19B01-02)

摘　　要：为了解析污水处理厂中氨氧化菌(AOB)的群落结构,以及处理工艺、规模等参数对AOB群落结构的影响,采用针对AOB功能基因氨单加氧酶(amoA)的末端限制性片段长度多态性技术(T-RFLP)、克隆测序等方法,研究了北京市6个污水处理厂的9个污水处理系统中AOB的群落结构.T-RFLP指纹图谱表明不同污水处理系统中AOB的群落结构有所不同,主要的末端限制性片段(T-RF)为354、491和291 bp.T-RFLP指纹图谱及聚类分析表明,污水处理工艺对系统中AOB的群落结构影响较小,而处理规模对AOB的群落结构有一定的影响.对功能基因amoA的系统发育分析表明,污水处理系统中优势AOB均为Nitrosomonasspp.,而非Nitrosospiraspp..这可能是Nitrosomonasspp.的最大比增长速率(μmax)较高,使其更容易成为活性污泥系统中的优势AOB.In order to investigate the community structure of ammonia oxidizing bacteria （AOB） in wastewater treatment plants and the influence of treatment process and system scale on AOB community. We investigated AOB communities in activated sludges collected from 9 wastewater treatment systems, using specific PCR followed by terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism （T-RFLP）, cloning, and sequencing of amoA genes. The T-RFLP fingerprints analysis shows that there are some differences among the AOB community structures from different wastewater treatment systems, and the dominant terminal restriction fragments （T-RFs） are 354, 491 and 291 bp. The T-RFLP profiles and cluster analysis may also indicate the AOB structures are slightly affected by the treatment process, while they are influenced by the system scale to some extent. Phylogenetic analysis of cloned amoA gene shows clearly that all the dominant AOB in the systems were Nitrosomonas spp., not Nitrosospira spp.. The reason may be explained as that Nitrosomonas spp. have higher μmax than Nitrosomonas spp.. This growth advantage may favor the Nitrosomonas spp. rather than Nitrosomonas spp. being prevail in activated sludge.

关 键 词：氨氧化菌(AOB) 末端限制性片段长度多态性技术(T-RFLP) 氨单加氧酶(amoA) 城市污水处理厂 

分 类 号：X172[环境科学与工程—环境科学]