大气对流层臭氧浓度升高下AM真菌对小麦生长的影响  

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungal Effects on Wheat Growth in Response to Elevated Tropospheric O_3 Concentration

作　　者：胡君利[1,2] 林先贵[1,2] 王俊华[1,2] 崔向超[1,2,3] 武术[1,2] 张晶[1,2] 朱建国[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院南京土壤研究所土壤与农业可持续发展国家重点实验室,南京210008 [2]中国科学院南京土壤研究所-香港浸会大学土壤与环境联合开放实验室,南京210008 [3]南京农业大学生命科学学院,南京210095

出　　处：《环境科学》2009年第11期3393-3398,共6页Environmental Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(40771202);日本环境省全球环境研究基金项目(C-062)

摘　　要：利用中国唯一的开放式空气组分增高(free-air component enrichment,FACE)稻麦轮作试验平台,研究大气对流层O3浓度升高条件下接种外源AM真菌对小麦生长及土壤微生物生物量的影响.结果发现,O3浓度升高处理小麦苗期AM真菌侵染率有升高趋势,而从孕穗期起逐渐显示出对小麦生长的不利影响,收获时植株地上部生物量、株产与千粒重均显著下降(p<0.05),分别降低22%、29%和9%,土壤微生物生物量N也下降了37%,但籽粒全N含量从2.2%显著提高到2.6%(p<0.05).O3浓度升高条件下接种外源AM菌剂对小麦根系AM真菌侵染具有促进作用,孕穗期AM真菌侵染率与植株地上部生物量均显著高于不接种对照(p<0.05),收获时植株受灾程度降低了50%,土壤微生物生物量N也显著升高(p<0.05),虽然小麦产量没有提高,但籽粒全N含量下降到与当前O3浓度处理没有显著差异的水平上.结果表明,O3胁迫下小麦通过提高苗期AM真菌侵染来增强其抗胁迫能力,接种外源AM真菌可以促进小麦营养生长,并可通过改善根系分泌物等来提高土壤微生物生物量.A FACE （Free-air component enrichment） system in a rice/wheat rotation field was used to investigate the effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal （AMF） inoculation on wheat growth and soil microbial biomass under elevated tropospheric 03 concentration. The elevated 03 concentration tended to increase AM colonization of wheat seedling and bate plant growth during the booting period, then significantly （p 〈 0.05） reduced aerial biomass, individual yield and kernel weight by 22 %, 29 % and 9 %, respectively, and decreased soil microbial biomass N by 37% after wheat harvesting. However, the total N content in wheat grain significantly （p 〈 0.05） increased from 2.2% to 2.6%. Under elevated 03 concentration, AMF inoculation accelerated AM colonization successfully, and improved colonization rate and aerial biomass significantly （p 〈 0.05） during the booting period, thus reduced the damage of aerial biomass by 50% when harvesting, and increased soil microbial biomass N significantly （ p 〈0. 05 ） related to the noninoculated treatment. Although wheat yield didn＇ t increase, the total N content in grain decreased to the same level of that of the control wheat. It suggested that higher AM colonization is the resistance behavior of wheat in response to O3 intimidation, and AMF inoculation can accelerate wheat growth, increase root exudates and soil microbial biomass subsequencely.

关 键 词：对流层臭氧浓度升高 开放式空气组分增高 丛枝菌根 小麦养分吸收 土壤微生物生物量 

分 类 号：X171[环境科学与工程—环境科学]