普通丝瓜果实性状的遗传分析  

Genetic Analysis on Fruit Characters of Luffa

作　　者：苏小俊[1,2] 徐海[2] 高军[2] 郑子松[2] 宋波[2] 陈龙正[2] 袁希汉[2] 陈劲枫[1] 

机构地区：[1]作物遗传与种质创新国家重点实验室,南京农业大学园艺学院,江苏南京210095 [2]江苏省农业科学院蔬菜研究所,江苏南京210014

出　　处：《江苏农业学报》2009年第5期1112-1118,共7页Jiangsu Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家“863”计划(2008AA10Z150);江苏省高技术研究项目(BG2007301);江苏省农业科技自主创新资金项目[CX(08)715]

摘　　要：应用植物数量性状主基因+多基因混合遗传模型对普通丝瓜品种50-5(黑籽短圆筒)×20-4(桂林水瓜)杂交组合6个世代群体的5个果实性状(果柄长、果长、果径、果形指数和单果质量)进行了联合分析,结果表明:50-5×20-4组合果柄长的遗传符合2对加性-显性-上位性主基因+加性-显性多基因遗传模型,其B1、B2和F2群体遗传率(主基因+多基因)分别为68.49%、70.53%和82.07%,环境方差占总表型方差的比例分别是31.50%、29.47%和17.92%;果长遗传符合2对加性-显性-上位性主基因+加性-显性-上位性多基因遗传模型,其B1、B2和F2群体遗传率(主基因+多基因)分别为68.85%、84.55%和81.68%,环境方差占总表型方差的比例分别是31.15%、15.44%和18.32%;果径遗传符合2对加性-显性-上位性主基因+加性-显性-上位性多基因遗传模型,其B1、B2和F2群体遗传率(主基因+多基因)分别为65.23%、73.06%和73.82%,环境方差占总表型方差的比例分别是34.62%、26.94%和26.13%;果形指数遗传符合2对加性-显性-上位性主基因+加性-显性-上位性多基因遗传模型,其B1、B2和F2群体遗传率(主基因+多基因)分别为65.23%、62.80%和78.89%,环境方差占总表型方差的比例分别是34.76%、37.19%和21.11%;单果质量遗传符合2对加性-显性-上位性主基因+加性-显性-上位性多基因遗传模型,其B1、B2和F2群体遗传率(主基因+多基因)分别为70.71%、85.35%和89.64%,环境方差占总表型方差的比例分别是29.29%、14.64%和10.36%。果柄长性状的主基因遗传率较小,宜采用个体选择法(基因型选择法),宜在分离晚世代进行选择;果长、果径、果形指数和单果质量性状的主基因遗传率较大,宜采取混合选择法(表型选择法),可在分离早世代进行选择;且宜对5个果实性状进行综合选择。5个果实性状的环境方差占总表型方差的比例均较高,故在育种过程中要尽量采取措施以减少环境影响。Inheritance of the five fruit characters （fruit stalk length, fruit length, fruit diameter, fruit shape index and weight of single fruit ） for luffa in P1, P2, F1, B1, B2 and F2 from the cross 50-5 （Heiziduanyuantong） × 20-4 （Guilinshuigua） were investigated by the mixed major gene plus polygene mixed inheritance model of quantitative traits. The joint analysis results showed that the fruit stalk length of the cross was controlled by two adding-dominanceepistatic major gene plus adding-dominance polygene model, while the fruit length, fruit diameter, fruit shape index and weight of single fruit of the cross were controlled by two adding-dominance-epistatic major gene plus adding-dominance-epistatic polygene model. In inheritability ratios （major gene ＋ polygene）, fruit stalk length in the cross of B1 , B2 and F2 populations were estimated as 68.49%, 70. 53% and 82. 07% respectively, fruit length were 68.85% , 84. 55% and 81.68% respectively, fruit diameter were 65.23%, 73.06% and 73.82% respectively, fruit shape index were 65.23% , 62. 80% and 78. 89% respectively, and weight of single fruit were 70. 71%, 85.35% and 89. 64% respectively. In the ratios of environmental variance to phenotype variance, fruit stalk length in the cross of B1, B2 and F2populations were estimated as 31.50% , 29.47% and 17. 92% respectively, fruit length were 31.15%, 15.44% and 18. 32% respectively, fruit diameter were 34. 62%, 26. 94% and 26. 13% respectively, fruit shape index were 34. 76%, 37.19% and 21.11% respectively, and weight of single fruit were 29. 29%, 14. 64% and 10. 36% respectively. To fruit stalk length, the method of individual selection （genotype selection method） on high separated generations was effective because of its small heritability values, while to fruit length, fruit diameter, fruit shape index and weight of single fruit, the method of mixed selection （phenotype selection method） on young （low） separated generations was effective because of their high heritability values. Systema

关 键 词：普通丝瓜 遗传 果实性状 主基因+多基因遗传模型 多世代联合分离分析 

分 类 号：S642.401[农业科学—蔬菜学]