生活垃圾与畜禽粪便联合好氧堆肥  

Mixed Composting of Municipal Solid Waste and Manure

作　　者：杨天学[1,2] 席北斗[2] 魏自民[1] 李鸣晓[1] 姜永海[2] 纪丹凤[2] 苏婧[2] 

机构地区：[1]东北农业大学生命科学学院,黑龙江哈尔滨150030 [2]中国环境科学研究院城市环境系统工程研究室,北京100012

出　　处：《环境科学研究》2009年第10期1187-1192,共6页Research of Environmental Sciences

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划(973)项目(2005CB724203);国家"十一五"科技支撑计划项目(2006BAC06B04);农业科技成果转化资金项目(2006GB24420465;2007GB24420459;2008GB24420470);国家自然科学基金项目(50878201)

摘　　要：生活垃圾与畜禽粪便联合好氧堆肥有利于堆肥的进行和堆肥产品品质的提高.采用固体废物好氧堆肥成套技术(CBS技术)与设备,对生活垃圾(处理Ⅰ)、畜禽粪便(处理Ⅱ)、生活垃圾与畜禽粪便混合物料(处理Ⅲ)进行堆肥,温度在线监测显示,处理Ⅲ堆肥过程中升温速率、最高温度和高温持续时间分别是1.88℃/h,69℃和440 h,各项指标参数均略高于处理Ⅰ的1.79℃/h,67℃和418 h,明显优于处理Ⅱ的0.47℃/h,42℃和0 h,达到无害化处理的要求;对堆肥产品腐熟度及荧光特性分析表明,处理Ⅲ堆肥20 d后,堆肥对小麦、玉米、大豆、水稻和棉花5种农作物的发芽指数分别达到88.7%,91.3%,82.7%,85.2%和83.4%;发射荧光光谱在350 nm附近的特征峰有较为明显的红移现象,且荧光峰明显变宽,在450 nm附近(类富里酸峰)的峰强度增加,说明堆肥产品中有机物分子共扼作用加强、缩合度增加.腐熟堆肥营养成分含量测定结果表明,处理Ⅲ腐熟堆肥的w(有机质)及w(TN),w(TP)和w(TK)分别达到36.64%,2.20%,2.82%和1.52%,优于处理Ⅰ的30.14%,1.58%,1.02%和0.93%,高于《有机肥料标准》(NY525—2002)中≥10%,≥0.5%,≥0.3%和≥1.0%的要求.Mixed composting of municipal solid waste （MSW） and manure can improve the quality of the compost. Using MSW technology and aerobic composting equipment, MSW （Treatment Ⅰ ）, manure （Treatment Ⅱ ）, and mixed MSW and manure （Treatment Ⅲ ） were treated to research the dynamics of temperature, organic matter and N, P, K in the compost content. The results indicated that Treatment m could speed up the rate of wanning, improve the maximum temperature of the reactor and extend the duration of high temperature. In the compost processing of Treatment m, the heating rate, maximum temperature and duration of high temperature were 1.88 ℃/h, 69 ℃, and 440 h, respectively, which were slightly higher than the parameters of Treatment Ⅰ （1.79 ℃/h, 67 ℃, 418 h）, and were superior to Treatment Ⅱ , which had parameters of only 0.47 ℃/h, 42 ℃, and 0 h. Therefore, Treatment Ⅲ enhanced the quality of compost products. The degree of rotting and fluorescent characteristic of the compost showed that, after 20 days＇reaction by Treatment m , the germinating capacity of wheat, corn, soy beans, rice and cotton which used the compost were 88.7%, 91.3%, 82.7%, 85.2%, and 83.4%, respectively. The fluorescence spectrum of mature compost in the 350 nm characteristic peak had more obvious red shift, and the fluorescence peak was obviously wider, and the 450 nm （Class FA peak） peak intensity increased. This indicated that the elements of DOM were strengthened and condensed. In Treatment Ⅲ, organic matter, total nitrogen, total phosphorus and total potassium reached 36.64%, 2.2%, 2.82%, and 1.52%, respectively, better than that of Treatment Ⅰ （30.14%, 1.58%, 1.02%, and 0.93%）, and higher than the standard requirements of organic manure NY525-2002 of ≥10%, ≥0.5%, ≥0.3%, and ≥1.0%.

关 键 词：生活垃圾 畜禽粪便 温度 发芽指数 荧光光谱 有机质 营养元素 

分 类 号：X705[环境科学与工程—环境工程]