玉米秸秆粉热解生物油的分析及乳化  

Compositional analysis of bio-oil pyrolysed from corn stalk and emulsification of bio-oil in diesel oil

作　　者：王丽红[1,2] 吴娟[3] 易维明[2] 李永军[2] 柏雪源[2] 

机构地区：[1]沈阳农业大学工程学院,沈阳110161 [2]山东理工大学山东省清洁能源工程技术研究中心,淄博255091 [3]山东工业职业学院机电工程系,淄博256414

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2009年第10期204-209,共6页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：国家863计划资助项目(2007AA05Z451);国家自然科学基金资助(50876056);山东理工大学科技基金项目(4040-305018)

摘　　要：为了探究玉米秸秆粉热解生物油的组成及乳化改性技术,对生物油进行了气质联用(GC/MS)分析,并研究了轻质生物油与柴油乳化后燃料的物理性质。生物油有分层现象,上层是溶于水的轻质液体,约占总质量的80%,主要成分有水、羟基丙酮、乙酸、糠醛、环戊烯酮及衍生物、苯酚等,用二氯甲烷萃取后在有机相中又检测到糠醛衍生物及苯酚衍生物等。下层是难溶于水的大分子物质,组成复杂,直接分析难以确定成分。本试验将轻质生物油、0#柴油、复合乳化剂(由Span-80与Tween-20两种乳化剂以特定配比制成)按照一定工艺进行乳化,制成乳化燃料。增加均质时间、乳化剂和柴油比例或减小轻质生物油比例均可以提高乳化燃料的稳定性。乳化燃料的热值与轻质生物油相比有明显改善,但燃料的pH值没有明显提高,需要进一步研究,降低乳化燃料的腐蚀性,使其能够在柴油机上长期应用。With the aim of studying chemical compounds and application of complicated bio-oil pyrolysed from corn stalk, bio-oil was analyzed using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry （GC/MS）, and the physical characteristics of emulsified fuel （EF） made by water-soluble bio-oil and diesel oil were determined. Bio-oil was comprised of two fractions： water-soluble and water-insoluble fractions. The major chemical compounds in water-soluble bio-oil occupied 80% of the total weight were water, acetic acid, 2-propanone-l-hydroxy, cyclopentenone, furfural and phenol, etc. After water-soluble bio-oil was extracted by dichloromethane （CH2Cl2）, some compounds were detected, such as the derivatives of cyclopentenone, furfural and phenol. Water-insoluble fraction was so complicated that it was difficult to confirm compositions directly. Experiments were also conducted to study the stabilization of EF made by water-soluble bio-oil, diesel oil and emulsifier which was made by Span-80 and Tween-20 according to a certain proportion, and it was concluded that long reaction time, higher concentration of diesel oil and emulsifier or lower concentration of water-soluble bio-oil could lead to good stability. The heat value of EF was much higher than that of water-soluble bio-oil, but the pH value of EF did not change much better than that of water-soluble bio-oil. Some methods must be taken to reduce acidity of EF in order to apply in diesel engine.

关 键 词：生物质 热解 气相色谱/质谱分析 乳化 生物油 

分 类 号：TK6[动力工程及工程热物理—生物能]