心理咨询门诊咨客人格障碍倾向的分布特点  

Distribution of Personality Disorder Tendency of Outpatients in Psychological Counseling

作　　者：张天宏[1] 肖泽萍[1] 王兰兰[1] 戴云飞 张海音[1] 仇剑崟[1] 

机构地区：[1]上海交通大学医学院附属精神卫生中心,上海200030

出　　处：《中国心理卫生杂志》2009年第11期767-771,共5页Chinese Mental Health Journal

基　　金：上海市级医院新兴前沿技术联合攻关项目(SHDC12006105);上海市科学技术委员会科研计划项目(074119520)

摘　　要：目的:研究心理咨询门诊咨客人格障碍倾向的分布特点。方法:采用系统抽样法,以人格障碍诊断问卷(Personality Diagnostic Questionnaire,PDQ+4)为工具,对1402例就诊于心理咨询门诊的咨客进行调查研究。结果:心理咨询门诊咨客的PDQ+4总分及各分量表分均高于正常人群常模[如,总分(38.23±17.04)vs.(22.79±14.10),P<0.001]。女性边缘型得分高于男性[(4.25±2.48)vs.(3.97±2.41),P=0.031],而反社会型、偏执型、分裂型、被动攻击型得分低于男性[(1.31±1.55)vs.(1.71±1.64),(2.75±1.87)vs.(3.02±1.93),(3.31±2.17)vs.(3.56±2.21),(2.71±1.69)vs.(2.93±1.64);均P<0.05]。按年龄分层后,PDQ+4总分及各分量表分(除分裂样人格障碍外)均随年龄增长呈下降趋势(如,总分18～24岁(41.73±16.28),25～34岁(39.46±16.95),35～44岁(33.88±16.24),≥45岁(30.64±17.21),P<0.001]。各分量表阳性率最高的是强迫型(58.5%)和回避型(54.0%),其次是边缘型(44.4%)。心理咨询门诊咨客PDQ+4的3因素分析中,因子1至3分别对应人格障碍C、B、A3群,方差累计贡献率已达到67%。结论:心理咨询门诊咨客的人格障碍倾向较正常人群更常见,大部分类型人格障碍倾向随年龄增长有缓解趋势,与人格障碍的类群理论构想有一定程度地吻合,提示在咨询工作中要重视对咨客人格的评估与治疗。Objective： To explore the distribution of personality disorder tendency of outpatients in psychological counseling departments. Methods： Systematic sampling was used to get the sample population from Shanghai Psychological Counseling Center. The Personality Diagnostic Questionnaire （ PDQ ^＋4 ） Was administered to 1402 clients to screen personality disorders. Results ： The subscales for different type of personality disorder （ PD） and total score of PDQ .4 were higher than normal sample（ e. g. total score of PDQ^ ＋4 ： client （ 38.23 ± 17. 04） vs. normal sample （ 22.79 ± 14. 10 ）, P 〈 0. 001 ） . The score of borderline subscales in female clients were higher than that of males [ borderline： female （ 4. 25 ± 2.48 ） vs. male （ 3.97± 2.41）, P 〈 0.05 ], the score of antisocial, paranoid and schizotypal subscales in male clients were higher than that of females [ antisocial： female （ 1.31 ） vs. male （1.71）, P 〈0.001; paranoid： female （2.75） vs. male （3.02）, P 〈0.01; schizotypal： female（3.31） vs. male （3.56 ）, P 〈 0. 05 ] . Age stratification showed that the subscales for different type of PD of PDQ ＋4 were decreased with age [e. g. , total score of PDQ^＋4：18 -24 years （41.73） vs. 25 -34 years （39.46） vs. 35 -44 years （ 33.88 ） vs.≥ 45 years （ 30. 64）, Ps 〈 0. 001 ], the positive rate of PDQ ＋4 subscales of obsessive-compulsive （58.5%） and avoidant PDs （54. 0% ） were higher than others, followed by borderline PD （44. 4%） . Factor analysis was used for the score of PDQ＋4, factor 1 to 3 corresponded to duster C, B and A personality disorders respectively, and the total variance explained 67%. Conclusion： There are different rates of personality deviation between psychological counseling clients and normal sample in China Some traits of personality disorders can be improved with the increasing of age. The abstracted factors by factor analysis are very consistent with what originally proposed in t

关 键 词：人格障碍倾向 心理咨询门诊 咨客 PDQ^+4 人格障碍问卷 流行病学调查 

分 类 号：R749.91[医药卫生—神经病学与精神病学]