中国古代恒星亮度及其变化记录之研究  

Research on Records of the Brightness of Stars and Its Variations in Ancient China

作　　者：王玉民[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京天文馆古观象台,北京100005

出　　处：《自然科学史研究》2009年第4期437-453,共17页Studies in The History of Natural Sciences

摘　　要：在对古代典籍中关于恒星亮度、亮变记载全面整理的基础上,对恒星亮度梯度记录作了详细的分析,证明中国古代也有类似6等级的亮度分级方法;对古代所有提到"消失"光变描述的星官,作了现代变星的对比证认,证明这些记载描述的都是大气消光现象,而非古人注意到了星官中有变星存在;对全天三大变星——大陵五、造父一、蒭藁增二的古代光变描述的全面分析,证明中国古代对这三颗最著名的变星都没有明确的光变记载;经全面分析古代记录,得出中国最早的变星记录出自《明史.天文志》载洪武二十九年(1396年)井宿七的光变记录,其时代虽然较晚,仍然比西方最早的变星记录早了200年。With a comprehensive study about records of the brightness of stsrs and its variations, this articles analyses the records of the bright gradient of stars and proves that there were also similarly 6-grade brightness classification in ancient China. Contrasting the present variables with ancient asterisms that contains ＂vanished＂ records, the article concludes that what these descriptions refer to are not the discovery of variables, but all atmospheric extinction phenomena. The article also analyses the records of ancient brightness of the three famous variables--β Per, δCep and o Cet, then proves there were no reliable bright variations records about them in ancient China. The earliest record of variable in China is ζ Gem in 1396, from the book History of the Ming Dynasty, which was 200 years earlier than the earliest record of variable in the west.

关 键 词：亮度 星等 光变 变星 

分 类 号：P1-09[天文地球—天文学]