青岛地区生态足迹的初步估算  

Calculation and analysis of ecological footprint in Qingdao area

作　　者：曹海荣[1] 沈志良[2] 姚云[3] 苏畅[1] 

机构地区：[1]上海水产大学,上海200090 [2]中国科学院海洋研究所海洋生态与环境科学重点实验室,山东青岛266071 [3]青岛科技大学计算机与化工研究所,山东青岛266042

出　　处：《海洋科学》2009年第11期18-23,共6页Marine Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(40776043);国家自然科学基金委员会创新研究群体科学基金项目(40821004)

摘　　要：以青岛地区2002年的统计资料为依据,对该地区的生态足迹进行了计算和分析。结果表明,该地区2002年人均生态足迹为1.541 5 hm2,生态承载力为0.375 1 hm2,生态赤字达到1.166 4 hm2。这说明青岛地区人类活动所产生的压力已经超出自然界的承受能力。通过分析,该地区的能源消耗高,生态赤字较大,农业和林业基本不存在生态赤字,可持续发展度较高,而近年来对海洋的过度开发及排污,导致青岛沿岸海域的生态足迹迅速增加,生态赤字越来越高。旅游产业虽然对生态系统产生了一定压力,但是给当地带来了较大的经济效益,青岛地区每公顷生态足迹可产生1 720美元的产值,高出了1 106美元/hm2的世界平均值,是中国内地平均产值的4倍。青岛地区生态效益较高,但仍需采取相应措施提高其可持续发展度。This paper calculated and analyzed the ecological footprint and available bio-capacity of Qingdao area Based on the government statistics data of Qingdao in 2002. The results showed that, Qingdao area was in the condition of ecological deficit in 2002, and the ecological deficit was 1.1 664 hm^2/cap, and the ecological footprint was 1. 541 5 hm^2/cap, the available bio-capacity was 0. 375 1 hm^2/cap. It showed that the pressure produced by human beings exceeded the earth＇s carrying capacity. The energy sources consumption was high, and the ecological deficit was big, otherwise, the agriculture and forest part almost had no eco- logical deficit, whose sustainability was high, in contrast, the sea had a high ecological deficit, because the sea was exploited excessively and a large number of pollution was discharged to it recently, which caused the ecological footprint increased rapidly. Although more pressure had been taken into the ecosystem by tourism, it brought higher economy benefit. In Qingdao area, the average output of Ihm2 footprint was US $1 720, which was higher than that of the world-1106 $/hm^2 , and almost was 4 times that of the mainland of China. Although the economic efficiency was high in Qingdao area, we still need to take some measures to increase the sustainability.

关 键 词：生态足迹 生态承载力 可持续性发展 青岛地区 

分 类 号：X22[环境科学与工程—环境科学]