溞类(Daphnia)反捕食的表型可塑性及其研究进展  

Advance in the study on the anti-predator phenotypic plasticity of Daphnia

作　　者：柯志新[1] 黄良民[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院南海海洋研究所海洋生物资源可持续利用重点实验室,广州510301

出　　处：《湖泊科学》2009年第6期758-767,共10页Journal of Lake Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(40576052);中国科学院创新方向项目(KZCX2-YW-213);中国科学院创新群体项目(KZCX2-YW-Q07)联合资助

摘　　要：表型可塑性指的是生物体在生物或非生物环境发生变化时会呈现出不同的表型能力,是生物在不稳定的生活环境中维持生存的一种主要策略.在淡水生态系统,大量研究表明浮游动物能通过捕食者释放的化学信息物质感知捕食风险的存在,从而导致反捕食的表型可塑性反应的发生.溞类是一类很好的研究浮游动物对捕食者释放的信息素产生表型可塑性反应的模式生物.本文综述了捕食者释放的化学信息素对溞类的生活史、形态特征、行为活动以及生理指标等表型的影响,探讨了其形成机制和生态意义.溞类对捕食风险信息素的表型可塑性是特定种群与捕食者长期相互作用下适应性进化产生的,加强这些研究对了解物种的形成和生物的进化有非常重要的意义.Phenotypic plasticity is an ability that an organism activates different phenotypes to its environment. It is an important survival strategy when organisms live in an unstable environment. In aquatic ecosystems, numerous studies prove that planktonic organisms are able to detect the presence of potential predators through predator-released kairomones, and then evoke some anti-predator responses. Daphnia is a good model of the organism that can be studied for the phenotypic plasticity of zooplankton induced by predator-released kairomones. This paper provided an overview of anti-predator phenotypic plasticity of Daphnia in historical life traits, morphological characters, behaviors and physiological parameters, and provided the mechanism explanation and ecological significance. These plastic anti-predator changes are shaped by differences in historical exposure to the inducing predator. Daphnia can inherit these abilities from their parent. Daphnia originated the no-predator ecosystems does not have the ability of anti-predator phenotypic plasticity. In general, phenotypic plastic responses of Daphnia induced by predator kairomones can decrease the efficiency of predation of predators and allow Daphnia a greater chance of survival when facing predators.

关 键 词：表型可塑性 浮游动物 溞类 捕食风险 信息素 

分 类 号：Q958[生物学—动物学]