湿地生态系统服务功能评价模式的不足与改进  

Defects of Present Models of Wetland Ecosystem Service Assessment

作　　者：张文娟[1] 白钰[2] 曾辉[1,3] 

机构地区：[1]北京大学深圳研究生院,城市人居环境科学与技术重点实验室,广东深圳518055 [2]天津市国土资源和房屋管理研究中心,天津300042 [3]北京大学环境学院生态学系,北京100871

出　　处：《中国人口·资源与环境》2009年第6期23-29,共7页China Population,Resources and Environment

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(编号:40871229,40830747);深圳市科技计划(编号:SZKJ-2007006);北京大学深圳研究生院院长基金(编号:2007013)资助

摘　　要：本文基于对湿地生态系统服务功能评价研究发展历程的回顾,结合湿地资源保护面临的严峻形势以及社会经济发展对评价研究的现实要求,重点剖析了湿地生态系统服务功能的现状评价模式在研究定位、评价内容、评价方式和评价体系建设几个方面存在的主要不足,在此基础上提出相应的改进思路和方案。认为评价模式的改进应当以维持湿地生态系统健康和支撑区域社会经济可持续发展为研究目标,面向湿地生态系统管理方向补充评价内容,完善评价体系,强调人为活动干扰对湿地生态系统服务的影响及反馈分析,重视人类社会对服务功能需求的评价,并详细阐述干扰评价、需求评价和服务功能供需平衡分析的主要内容、方法和难点,总结湿地管理的意识和手段在服务功能评价各环节的体现。Wetland resources and wetland protection are facing a harsh situation. We need to realize the support of wetland services to human society and economic development at closer range. Based on the review of the history of the wetland ecosystem service assessment and analysis of socio-economie development demand, this article dissects the main defects of the present value assessment models in the wetland conservation crisis. The defects discussed mainly exist in research orientation, assessment content and research frame. Then the corresponding revising approaches and the scheme are given out. For purposes of ecosystem health, regional sustainable development and the requirement of the ecosystem management, necessary optimized content is added to the assessment system, such as assessment of human disturbance, demand of wetland services, and even the balance between supply and demand of ecosystem service. This article holds that human disturbance and haman requirement of ecosystem service and the balance between them play an important role in the wetland ecosystem service assessment. We expound the major contents, methods and difficulties of human disturbance and demand assessment, the analysis of the balance between the two and wetland management methods are finally summed up.

关 键 词：湿地 生态系统服务 评价模式 人为干扰 管理 

分 类 号：X24[环境科学与工程—环境科学]