不同开垦年限黑土溅蚀与团聚体分选特征  

Splash erosion of black soil with different reclamation years and its relations to soil aggregates selective characteristics

作　　者：周一杨[1] 王恩姮[1] 陈祥伟[1] 

机构地区：[1]东北林业大学林学院,哈尔滨150040

出　　处：《应用生态学报》2009年第10期2411-2416,共6页Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(30872068);黑龙江省重大科技攻关项目(GA06B302-3)资助

摘　　要：分别以开垦年限为8a、30a、50a的典型黑土耕地和未开垦的天然次生林林地表层土壤为对象,采用人工模拟降雨的方法,对比分析了不同开垦年限土壤的溅蚀规律及溅蚀过程中团聚体分选、分布特征,并通过析因分析研究了开垦对黑土溅蚀的影响机制.结果表明:不同开垦年限黑土耕地土壤的溅蚀量明显高于未开垦次生林林地土壤,且随开垦年限的延长而增加,变化范围为0.95～7.06g.cm-1;土壤溅蚀量与溅蚀距离表现出紧密的指数函数关系,而且随着水平空间距离的增加,小粒级水稳性团聚体比例逐渐增加;溅蚀对黑土团聚体产生富集作用与损耗作用的临界粒级为1.0mm;粒级>2mm、<0.25mm水稳性团聚体及有机质含量是典型黑土土壤溅蚀量及其变化特征的主要影响因子.Taking the typical black soil with a reclamation history of 8, 30, and 50 years and the un-reclaimed secondary forest land as test objects, a simulation study was made on the process of splash erosion and the selective characteristics of soil aggregates under artificial rainfall condition, with the effects of reclamation on the splash erosion in black soil region analyzed. The splash amount of reclaimed black soil was evidently higher than that of un-reclaimed secondary forest land, and increased with increasing reclamation years, with a variation range of 0. 95-7.06 g·cm^-1. There was a significant exponential correlation between splash amount and splash distance, and the percentages of small size water-stable aggregates increased with increasing splash distance. The critical particle size of soil aggregates for the enrichment and depletion of splash erosion was 1.0 mm. Soil water-stable aggregates larger than 2 mm and smaller than 0.25 mm in size and soil organic matter content were the main factors affecting the splash erosion characteristics of typical black soil.

关 键 词：典型黑土 开垦年限 溅蚀量 团聚体 分选特征 

分 类 号：S157[农业科学—土壤学]