利用无人机探测台风海鸥的气象要素特征  

Characteristics of Meteorological Elements During Typhoon Kalmaegi Observed by Unmanned Aerial Vehicle

作　　者：李杨[1] 马舒庆[1] 王国荣[2] 孙兆滨[1] 李肖霞[1] 官福顺[3] 林巨洪[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国气象局气象探测中心,北京100081 [2]北京市气象台,北京100089 [3]黑龙江省气象局,哈尔滨150001

出　　处：《应用气象学报》2009年第5期579-585,共7页Journal of Applied Meteorological Science

基　　金：中国气象局台风专项"全球气候变暖背景下台风(飓风)的形势变化及我国应对策略"资助。

摘　　要：2008年7月18日对0807号台风海鸥进行了无人机探测工作。该次探测为中国大陆首次利用无人机直接向台风中心方向飞行,进行台风基本气象要素的探测。无人机对台风海鸥进行了近4 h的飞行探测,飞行高度为500 m,距台风中心最近距离为108.4 km,成功获得了探测时段内的温度、气压、相对湿度、风向、风速及海拔高度等基本气象要素数据。结果表明：气压和海拔高度呈显著性相关（r=-0.98）;距离台风中心越近,气压越低,风速越大,温度也呈明显下降趋势;地面至300 m的平均温度梯度为-1.02℃/100 m,300-500 m的平均温度梯度为-0.46℃/100 m,近地面的温度随高度变化较大;探测时段内,风速最大值为22.3 m/s,平均值为15.1 m/s。China is one of the countries where meteorological disasters happen frequently,and typhoon is one of the most serious disasters.Meteorological Observation Center of China Meteorological Administration have carried out typhoon observation experiment by unmanned aerial vehicle（UAV） in 2008. For the first time,UAV is used to observe typhoon Kalmaegi on 18 July 2008,and it is a successful field campaign.The UAV sends back data and lands safely after the observation.The UAV flies directly towards the typhoon center and observes the temperature,relative humidity,pressure,wind direction and wind speed with onboard meteorological sensors.It takes almost 4 hours to observe the meteorological elements,the cruising altitude of UAV is 500 m and the nearest distance to typhoon center is about 108.4 km.The meteorological elements such as air temperature,pressure,relative humidity,wind direction,wind speed and altitude are received successfully during the observation period.The UAV flies through precipitation area,upwind area,strong convection and such serious flight environment.Thus a quasi-real-time observation system with the capability of flight observing,data collecting,processing and distributing is established. The observation data reflects some basic characteristics of typhoon,showing that pressure and altitude have good correlation（r=-0.98）.Closer to the typhoon center,pressure is lower and wind speed is higher.Gradients of temperature is about-1.02 ℃/100 m from ground to 300 m and about-0.46 ℃/100 m from 300 m to 500 m.The temperature varies largely with the height in the near surface layer,which shows that the ground surface has much influence on the temperature.During the observation period,the maximum wind velocity is about 22.3 m·s-1 with the average of about 15.1 m·s-1.Closer to the typhoon center,higher the relative humidity is.When the UAV arrives at the destination and returns,the relative humidity is 100% and after that it decreases.It can be concluded that when the relative humidity is high,UAV

关 键 词：无人机 探测 台风 气象要素 

分 类 号：P444[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]