听力筛查未通过婴幼儿的听力学特点及原因  

Audiology and etiology of infants who failed to pass newborn hearing screening

作　　者：唐向荣[1,2] 黄丽辉[1] 彭士春[1] 李红辉 亓贝尔[1] 恩晖[1] 蔡正华[1] 杨宜林[1] 唐小青[1] 郭连生[1] 

机构地区：[1]首都医科大学附属北京同仁医院耳鼻咽喉头颈外科,北京市耳鼻咽喉科研究所,耳鼻咽喉头颈科学教育部重点实验室(首都医科大学),北京100005 [2]广西壮族自治区柳州市妇幼保健院耳鼻咽喉科,广西柳州545001

出　　处：《中国耳鼻咽喉头颈外科》2009年第10期575-578,共4页Chinese Archives of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery

基　　金：国家"十五"科技攻关项目(2004BA720A18-02);国家"十一五"科技支撑计划(2007BAI18B12);国家卫生部面向农村;基层推广适宜技术十年百项计划推广项目(卫通[2006]14号);北京市科委科普专项经费联合资助

摘　　要：目的探讨听力筛查未通过婴幼儿的听力学特点及原因。方法应用听性脑干反应(auditory brainstem response,ABR)、40Hz听觉相关电位(40 Hz auditory event related potential,40 Hz AERP)、畸变产物耳声发射(distortion product otoacoustic emissions,DPOAE)、鼓室声导抗及声反射方法,对126例听力筛查未通过的婴幼儿进行听力学诊断性检查,确认听力损失的程度及性质,并对听力损失婴幼儿的原因进行分析。结果126例(252耳)婴幼儿中,感音神经性聋61例(48.41%),传导性聋48例(38.09%),ABR反应阈值正常范围17例(13.50%)。此组患儿既往病史有母孕期感染病史21例、先兆流产9例、高龄6例、延期妊娠7例、伴全身系统疾病10例;新生儿期黄疸13例、缺氧窒息18例、早产儿及低体重8例、伴其他新生儿疾病8例、有听力损失家族史5例,颅面畸形3例,中枢神经系统疾病6例,第2胎9例。结论听力筛查未通过的婴幼儿听力评估后有不同的表现,本组感音神经性聋较传导性聋所占比例高,多数听力损失患儿伴有高危因素。OBJECTIVE To study the audiological and etiological characteristics of infants failed to pass hearing screening. METHODS 126 infants received audiological diagnostic tests,including auditory brainstem response（ABR）,40 Hz auditory event related potential（40 Hz AERP）,distortion product otoacoustic emissions（DPOAE）,tympanometry and acoustic reflex. The degrees and types of the hearing loss,and etiological characteristics were analyzed. RESULTS Among 126 infants （252 ears）,61 were diagnosed with sensorineural hearing loss （48.41%） , 48 were conductive hearing loss （38.09%） , and 17 were found to have normal ABR thresholds （13.49%） . The hearing loss was associated with various factors, including history of infection during pregnancy （21 cases） , threatened abortion （9 cases） , pregnancy with age at or over 35 （6 cases） , extension of pregnancy （7 cases） , history of systematic diseases （10 cases） , history of neonatal jaundice （13 cases） , history of asphyxia and hypoxia （18 cases） , premature and low birth weight neonates （8 cases） , neonatal diseases （8 cases） , family history of deafness （5 cases） , craniofacial deformity （3 cases） , central nervous system disorder （6 cases） , and 9 cases were second child. CONCLUSION The infants who failed to pass hearing screening have various etiology characteristics in hearing loss. The infants associated with risk factors were mostly found to have sensorineural hearing loss.

关 键 词：新生儿筛查 听力障碍 病史记录 

分 类 号：R764[医药卫生—耳鼻咽喉科]