四川龙门山铜尾矿库植被调查及植被恢复的物种选择探讨  

A Study on Species Selection of Revegetation and Vegetation Survey of Longmenshan Copper Mine Tailings in Sichuan

作　　者：宗浩[1] 苏光麒[1] 张翔[1] 陈施羽[1] 

机构地区：[1]四川师范大学生命科学学院,四川成都610066

出　　处：《四川师范大学学报（自然科学版）》2009年第6期796-802,共7页Journal of Sichuan Normal University（Natural Science）

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划(973计划)(G2000018607);国家自然科学基金(40871234);四川省教育厅自然科学重点基金(2005A001)资助项目

摘　　要：通过龙门山铜尾矿库土壤和植物重金属含量测定、植被调查、综合优势比分析,据此进行了该尾矿库植被恢复的植物群落重建方法的尝试.结果表明:尾矿土Cu、Pb、Zn含量分别为1319、901、209mg/kg;Cu超过植物生长临界值19.13倍,Pb超过14.48倍,Zn超过5倍.尾矿土重金属含量平均比附近的耕地高25.05倍,铜含量高32.05倍,过高的重金属含量是限制植物在尾矿地定居的主要因子.将该库91种植物分为5个相对稳定的群落类型:葫芦藓+地钱群落;艾蒿群落;白车轴草群落;芭茅+羊耳菊群落;羊耳菊+千里光+密蒙花群落.植物中早熟禾、狗牙根、翦股颖体内Cu和Pb含量均>100mg/kg,为铜和铅的累积植物.最终筛选确定白车轴草、早熟禾、芭茅、棒头草、狗尾草、马桑作为植被重建的优良先锋物种.植物在纯尾沙上长势低弱,难以或不适应立地条件.经过覆盖耕地土处理效果明显好之,植物表现出对土壤条件的适应性;施肥对于生长在尾砂土上的植物作用微弱,却对覆盖耕地土上生长的植物产生了明显的成效.Through measurement of the heavy metal contents of soil and plant, survey of natural vegetation types, summing dominance ratio analysis in the Longmenshan copper railings yard, the authors carried on artificial revegetation succession model. The concentration of Cu is 1 319 mg/kg,Pb is 901 mg/kg,Zn is 209 mg/kg in tailings land. The results show that Cu exceed plant growth critical value 19.13 times, Pb exceeds 14.48 times, Zn exceeds 5 times in this yard. The heavy metal content in tailings soil is equally 25.05 times and copper content is 32.05 times than nearby land. The excessive concentration of heavy metals is the. main limiting factor to plant colonization. In total 91 species of natural colonized plants, 5 relatively stable communities are found： Funaria h）grometrica ＋ Marchantia polyrnorpha Community ; Artemisia argyi Community ; Trifolium repens Community ; Miscanthus sinensis ＋ Inula cappa Community ; Inula cappa ＋ Senecio scandens ＋ Buddleja offieinalis Community. Poa annua , Cynodon dactyion and Agrostis palustris（ Cu and Pb contents all 〉 100 mg/kg ） are the accumulation plants of the copper and lead. The end sieving indicates that Trifolium repens, Poa annua , Miscanthus sinensis , Pol）pogon fugax , Setaria viridis , Coriaria sinica are good pioneer species, the shrub and arbor will be introduced in appropriate time for a middle succession. The plants growing on the pure railings sand are certain low and weak and do not fit soil condition. These plants gets obviously better after being overlayed by the farmland soil, the plant expresses adaptability to the soil condition. Application of fertilizer has a weak amendment for railings land plants, but has good effects to the plants that overlayed by farmland soil.

关 键 词：龙门山铜矿 尾矿库 植被调查 先锋植物 植被恢复与重建 

分 类 号：X171.4[环境科学与工程—环境科学]